摘要
政府信息公开制度中的“信息不存在”内涵在长期实践中已有扩张,但是行政机关对该条款的不当援用也可能损害公民知情权与政府公信力。与此相应,司法实践中形成了将“合理检索未得”推定为“信息不存在”的审查规则,于2019年《政府信息公开条例》修订时被吸收。但是,合理检索义务本质上只是一种为缓解证明责任分配困境所创制的折中性司法技术。当客观上欠缺完善的制度实施基础与相对统一的审查标准时,合理检索行为作为推定的前提事实同样难以明确。根据最高人民法院第101号指导案例所引入的以初步证据为核心的反证规则,可以对信息不存在的推定规则作出限制,并以“初步证据”和“自认”要件来建构三层次递进的司法审查模式,有条件地深入审查信息不存在的原因。在此基础上,还可以通过强化诉讼外监督机制,以及电子政务发展与政府信息管理制度更新的衔接,来促进“信息不存在”纠纷的根源性化解。
The connotation of“non-existence of government information”in the Regulations on the Disclosure of Government Information has been expanded in the long-term practice since the implementation of the Regulations,but the inappropriate application of this provision by administrative organs may infringe upon citizens’right to know and undermine government credibility.Correspondingly,the judicial review rule presuming“government information not found through reasonable search”as“non-existent government information”was adopted when the Regulations on the Disclosure of Government Information was revised in 2019.However,the reasonable-search obligation is merely a compromised judicial technique created to alleviate the dilemmas of distribution of burden of proof.In the absence of a sound system for the implementation and a relatively uniform standard for the examination,it is also difficult to determine reasonable search behavior as the prerequisite for the presumption.The Guiding Case No.101 of the Supreme People’s Court introduces the counter-evidence rule,which take preliminary evidence as the core.This rule makes it possible to limit the presumption of non-existence of information,to take“preliminary evidence”and“surrender”as essential elements to construct a three-level progressive judicial review mode,and to conduct conditional and in-depth review of the reasons of the non-existence of the information.On this basis,it is also possible to promote the fundamental resolution of disputes over“the non-existence of government information”by strengthening the external litigation supervision mechanism and establishing the linkage between the development of e-government affairs and the reform of the government information management system.
出处
《环球法律评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期132-147,共16页
Global Law Review
基金
作者主持的2019年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“基于行政裁判数据的法治政府差距研究”(19CFX021)的研究成果。
