摘要
通过设置氮肥量和基蘖肥与穗肥氮素配比试验处理,研究氮肥运筹对杂交粳稻‘申优17’主要品质性状的影响。结果表明:增加氮肥能提高稻米的加工品质,但等氮(240 kg∕hm^2,下同)条件下提高后期穗肥氮则会降低加工品质。氮肥与稻米粒长、粒宽呈正相关,与长宽比呈负相关,而等氮条件下穗肥氮与稻米粒长和粒宽呈极显著和显著正相关。施氮量增加会显著降低稻米垩白率,后期增加穗肥氮施用会增加稻米垩白率和垩白度。增加氮肥和在等氮条件下,氮肥后移处理均极显著和显著降低直链淀粉含量。由氮素与直链淀粉拟合方程可知,施氮量在318 kg∕hm^2时,直链淀粉理论值最低(15.04%)。稻米胶稠度与氮肥使用量无明显规律,但在等氮条件下可随穗肥氮同步递增,至穗肥氮占比为30%时,胶稠度值达到峰值(78.33 mm),之后缓慢下降。增加氮肥和后期穗肥氮占比有效地提高了稻米蛋白质含量,并显著地降低了稻米食味值。当氮量为257 kg∕hm^2时,食味理论值最低(84.45)。在等氮条件下,穗肥氮占比为30%时,食味达到了最高值(83.0)。综上,杂交粳稻‘申优17’稻米品质易受氮肥调控影响,在实际生产中应适当控制总氮量和优化后期穗肥氮比例以提高稻米品质。
The effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the main quality traits of hybrid japonica rice variety’Shenyou17’were studied through different nitrogen amounts and the nitrogen ratio of paddy-tiller fertilizer to panicle fertilizer.The results indicated that the nitrogen fertilizer amount showed positive effects on the milling procedure.When the nitrogen fertilizer amounts were the same(240 kg/hm^2),increasing panicle fertilizer reduced the rice quanlity.Increasing fertilizer amounts extended grain length and width but reduced the ratio of length to width.When the fertilizer amounts were identical,the fertilizer during the panicle stage significantly extended grain length and width.Moreover,the nitrogen amounts significantly reduced rice chalkiness rate.When the fertilizer amounts were the same,the panicle fertilizer increased the chalkiness rate and the chalkiness degree.The delay of nitrogen fertilizer application significantly reduced amylose content when the fertilizer amounts increased or kept equivalent.The fitting equation was simulated to calibrated amylose content according to nitrogen fertilizer amounts.The theoretical value of amylose content reached the lowest(15.04%)when the nitrogen amount was 318 kg/hm^2.It seemed that no relation was observed between rice gel consistency and fertilizer amounts.When the fertilizer amounts were the same,the gel consistency displayed a peak(78.33 mm)as the fertilizer rate during the panicle stage was thirty percent.The results indicated that fertilizer amounts and the fertilizer rate during the panicle stage significantly enhanced the protein content in milled rice.Unfortunately,those applications significantly reduced rice taste values.When the fertilizer amount was 257 kg/hm^2,the taste value touched the bottom(84.45).When the fertilizer amounts were the same,the taste value reached the peak(83.0)as the fertilizer rate during the panicle stage was thirty percent.Therefore,rice quality of’Shenyou17’was susceptible to the nitrogen fertilizer amounts and rates.In actual production,the fertilizer application should be optimized to improve rice quality by controlling the fertilizer amounts and fertilizer rate during the panicle stage.
作者
王新其
程灿
方军
朱元宏
曹黎明
WANG Xinqi;CHENG Can;FANG Jun;ZHU Yuanhong;CAO Liming(Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Qingpu Modern Agriculture Park Development Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201717,China)
出处
《上海农业学报》
2020年第4期25-30,共6页
Acta Agriculturae Shanghai
基金
上海市农委科技攻关项目[沪农科攻字(2015)第6-1-3号]
上海市科委科技支撑项目(16391904200)
上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设(ZY1201)。
关键词
氮肥运筹
杂交粳稻
稻米品质
Nitrogen fertilizer application
Quality traits
Japonica hybrid rice
