摘要
鉴于现有文献不能清晰地识别农地流转与农村劳动力转移之间的因果关系,也未能对农村劳动力转移形式的升级过程进行充分地研究,本研究探讨了农户在农地经营决策与劳动力转移决策之间的逻辑次序,构建了"外出务工—农地流转—创业"的实证研究框架。本文依据2012~2014年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,选取相应的工具变量,构建联立方程模型,以三阶段最小二乘法(3SLS)识别了外出务工对农地流转决策和农地流转对农户创业决策的影响。研究发现:外出务工使农户流转农地的概率提高了1.72个百分点;农地流转使农户创业概率提高了4.26个百分点;农户外出务工后,若选择流转农地,则其创业可能性在边际上比仅务工但不流转农地的农户高出76%;外出务工的工资性收入与农地租金的资产性收入都促进了农户创业,但资产性收入对创业的正向影响比工资性收入高5倍;早期的资产性收入对创业的促进作用比近期的资产性收入高出近3倍。实证结果说明,农地流转在农村劳动力转移的形式升级中起到了重要的促进作用,且该作用在低收入组农户中更具显著性。
The previous literature has not clearly identified the causality between rural labor allocation in non-agricultural sectors and rural land rentals.In addition,the upgrade process of rural labor allocation in non-agricultural sectors is inefficiently studied.To fill the blanks in the literature,we theoretically investigate the decision logic between landuse decision and rural-labor-allocation decision and correspondingly design an empirical strategy that characterizes a two-step decision process:44 migrated employment-land rental-entrepreneurship"——using a system of equations.Applying CFPS 2012-2014 and selecting an appropriate instrumental variable,we estimate the effects of rural migrated employment on rural land rentals and the effects of land rentals on the likelihood of entrepreneurship using the 3SLS estimation.We arrive at the following empirical results that corroborate our theoretical remarks.First,rural migrated employees are 1.72 percentage points more likely to rent out their farmland.Second,rural land rentals increase the likelihood of being entrepreneurs by 4.26 percentage points.Third,compared with the rural migrated employees who do not rent their land out,those rural migrated employees who participated in the rural land rental market are 76%more likely to be entrepreneurs at the margin.Besides,both the rents gained from land rentals as capital incomes and the wage incomes gained from migrated employment encourage rural entrepreneurship.However,the impact of capital incomes on rural entrepreneurship is 5 times greater than that of wage incomes.The impact of earlier capital incomes on rural entrepreneurship is almost 3 times greater than that of the capital incomes gained later.These empirical results indicate the importance of the rural land rental market in the upgrade of rural labor allocation in non-agricultural sectors,especially among the low-income rural households.
作者
杨子砚
文峰
Yang Ziyan;Wen Feng
出处
《管理世界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第7期171-184,240,共15页
Journal of Management World
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No.71803164)
福建省社会科学规划马工程重点项目(No.FJ2018MGCA034)
中央高校基本科研业务费(No.20720181042)的资助。
