摘要
目的探索扬州市小学生札如病毒感染所致急性胃肠炎暴发疫情的特点。方法对札如病毒感染所致的急性胃肠炎聚集性疫情进行现场流行病学调查,分析札如病毒感染的临床症状、疫情传播危险因素;采集病例标本进行札如病毒核酸检测,对检测阳性的病例开展随访观察,探索札如病毒感染的排毒期;采集未发病的密切接触者标本分析隐性感染情况。结果两起札如病毒感染的聚集性疫情共报告病例30例,临床表现以呕吐症状为主,发生率为93.33%,病例排毒期3~19 d,平均为11.12 d,隐性感染率为26.32%,札如病毒感染的危险因素为暴露于呕吐物或粪便一米以内(OR=12.94,95%CI:1.19~140.37);保护因素是就餐前洗手(OR=0.064,95%CI:0.007~0.56)。结论札如病毒感染的主要症状为呕吐,隐性感染率高,排毒期长,容易在小学校园等儿童聚集的场所引起聚集性疫情,暴露于呕吐物或粪便一米以内是札如病毒感染的危险因素,就餐前洗手可以减小札如病毒感染的风险。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis caused by sapovirus infection among primary school students in Yangzhou.Methods An on-site epidemiological investigation was carried out to analyze the clinical symptoms and risk factors of epidemic transmission.Samples of patients were collected for nucleic acid detection of sapovirus.Follow-up observations were carried out on cases with positive detection to explore the duration of intestinal detoxification of sapovirus infection.Samples of close contacts without clinical symptoms were collected to analyze recessive infection status.Results A total of 30 cases were reported from two outbreaks of sapovirus infection.As a main symptom,the incidence rate of vomiting was 93.33%.The duration of intestinal detoxification of the cases was 3 to 19 days,with an average of 11.12 days.The rate of recessive infection was 26.32%.The risk factor for sapovirus infection was exposure to vomit or feces within 1 meter(OR=12.94,95%CI:1.19-140.37),and the protective factor was washing hands before eating(OR=0.064,95%CI:0.007-0.56).Conclusion The main symptom of sapovirus infection was vomiting,with a high rate of recessive infection and a long detoxification period.It is easy to cause an outbreak in primary schools.Exposure to vomit or feces within 1 meter could increase the risk of sapovirus infection.Washing hands before eating could reduce the risk of sapovirus infection.
作者
董玉颖
许纯
黄瑶
姚静
张军
DONG Yuying;XYU Chun;HUANG Yao;YAO Jing;ZHANG Jun(Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225001,China;Gungling District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225001,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2020年第4期119-121,共3页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
关键词
札如病毒
急性胃肠炎
临床表现
排毒期
隐性感染
危险因素
Sapovirus
Acute gastroenteritis
Clinical symptoms
Duration of detoxification
Recessive infection
Risk factors
