摘要
针对生鲜农产品的固有属性导致的采购风险,以及企业将一些业务如物流、采购等外包给第三方物流企业(3PL,Third Party Logistics),从而专注于自身核心业务发展的现实,建立了零售商和3PL的博弈模型,对比分析了部分需求信息下3PL采购和零售商采购对零售商和3PL的最优决策、利润,以及供应链系统利润的影响。研究表明,当正向需求风险较大时,3PL对生鲜农产品实际需求的判断较准确;当需求风险较小时,零售商对生鲜农产品实际需求的判断较准确。研究还发现,在绝大部分情况下,3PL采购对供应链系统是不利的。只有当正向需求风险很大,或生鲜农产品损耗率非常大,或损失分担比例很高时,3PL采购才能够增加供应链系统的利润。然而,在3PL采购提高供应链系统利润的条件下,3PL的利润低于同等条件下零售商采购时的利润。建议此时零售商通过采取返还给3PL一定利润的方式来促使3PL同意参与采购管理,以增加零售商、3PL和供应链系统的利润,提高供应链的竞争力。
In the absence of market demand information,the inherent properties of metamorphism,short life cycle and small residual value of fresh agricultural products bring great risk to retailers who sell fresh agricultural products.Retailers outsource procurement business to third-party logistics companies with close business relations therewith.It can not only transfer its procurement risk,but also make 3 PL obtain certain business.Based on this,a game model between retailers and 3 PL is established,to compare and analyze the influence of 3 PL purchasing and retailer purchasing on the optimal decision and profit of retailer and 3 PL as well as the profit of supply chain system under partial demand information.The results show that the judgment of the actual demand of 3 PL on fresh agricultural products is more accurate when the forward direction demand risk is high.When the demand risk is small,the judgment of the actual demand of retailers on fresh agricultural products is more accurate.It is also found that in most cases,3 PL procurement is unfavorable to the supply chain system.Only when the forward direction demand risk is very high,or the consumption rate of fresh agricultural products is very large,or the loss sharing ratio is very high,can the 3 PL procurement increase the profit of the supply chain system.However,the profit of 3 PL is lower than that of retailer under the condition that the procurement increases the profit of supply chain system.It is suggested that retailers should adopt the method of returning 3 PL profits to encourage 3 PL to participate in purchasing management,so as to increase the profits of retailers,3 PL and supply chain system and improve the competitiveness of supply chain.
作者
周继祥
王勇
邱晗光
ZHOU Ji-xiang;WANG Yong;QIU Han-guang(Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing,Storge and Transportation Characterized Arog-products,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;School of Business Planning,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;School of Economics and Business Administration,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)
出处
《中国管理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期122-131,共10页
Chinese Journal of Management Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71672015,71602014)
重庆市教委科技项目(KJ1600609)
重庆市教委人文社会科学研究项目(17SKG097,18SKGH066)
重庆工商大学高层次人才科研启动项目(950316037)
重庆工商大学重点平台开放基金项目(KFJJ2017042)。
关键词
第三方物流
采购外包
部分信息
生鲜农产品
third party logistics
procurement outsourcing
partial information
fresh agricultural products
