摘要
国家公园是自然保护地体系中珍稀自然资源和独特生态系统的集中体现。美国自1916年建立国家公园体系,在立法管理方面历史悠久,可为中国建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系提供参考。研究表明:1)美国在国家公园管理中适用"合作联邦制",不易基于自然资源的连通性对"联邦-州"政府的权力边界做出清晰界定;2)美国比斯坎湾国家公园的管理体制改革实践,可为中国探索建立"政府主导,多方参与"的治理模式提供经验;3)结合中国国情,美国国家公园立法在逻辑体系、管理目标、行政执法等方面对完善中国相关立法具有一定的借鉴价值。
National parks are the flagship parts which represent the rare species and unique ecological system in protected areas.Cooperative federalism in the U.S.national parks legislation enhances the executive force of federal regulations in states,however,fails to clarify the authority between national park service and state governments in federal statutes.Additionally,the dual objectives of conservation and enjoyment of the national parks,encounter conflicts in management practice,which exemplifies the drawbacks of traditional cooperative federalism,conditional federal funds and threat of preemption may not enough to entice state or local governments to implement federal regulatory programs.As a result,a new model of cooperative federalism had experimented in Biscayne National Park,indicates that decentralized natural resources governance is better suited to incorporate local governments and expertise,engage stakeholders,and foster innovation by allowing jurisdictions to adapt tailored programs,provides replicable experience to applicate joint authority over national parks to some capacity.In comparison,China might be faced with similar management predicament related to national parks.(1)China’s lawmaking on national parks should clear out the natural borderline and shared responsibilities based on the integral feature of natural resources,and participatory approaches to community stakeholders.(2)The consistency and coherence between existing legislation and new regulations should be considered in the process of establishing a comprehensive legal system of protected lands.(3)New mechanisms,such as attracting local investments and enhancing local content,are beneficial to promote conservation and industrial development harmoniously in national parks.
作者
郭楠
GUO Nan(School of Law,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)
出处
《干旱区资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期35-42,共8页
Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment
基金
江苏省大运河文化带建设研究院专项课题(DYH19YB23)资助。
关键词
国家公园
自然保护地
管理体制
政府主导
多方参与
national park
protected areas
cooperative federalism
administrative system
co-management
