摘要
澳大利亚是美国亚太战略的“南锚”,也是中国周边外交的重要一环。基于自身国家身份与地理位置的错位、经济利益与安全利益的背离,自霍华德政府执政以来,平衡外交一直是澳大利亚外交的基本立场。但自2016年以来,澳大利亚平衡外交出现滑向失衡的新动向:地缘政治考量优先于地缘经济、中澳伙伴关系滞后于澳美同盟、强硬保守多于务实理性。中美权力转移加速、中澳实力差距急剧扩大、澳担心被美国战略抛弃、澳国内民粹主义等极端思潮抬头,共同导致澳大利亚对华外交日渐失衡。对此,中国可采取加快南海共同行为准则磋商、开展第三方市场合作、开启南太平洋地区“非安全化”进程、加大话语能力建设等措施予以应对。受大国权力斗争加剧、意识形态回归、地缘政治超越地缘经济的影响,在未来一段时间,澳大利亚对华外交失衡趋势难以得到彻底扭转。
Australia makes the“Southern Anchor”of the US Asia-Pacific strategy and an important part of China’s neighborhood diplomacy.Given the divergence between national identity and geographic location and the contradiction between economic and security interests,Australia has set balanced diplomacy as a basic principle.In recent years,however,a new trend of Australia’s diplomacy towards China has emerged,and it has gradually turned imbalanced since 2016:geopolitical considerations take precedence over geo-economic factors,the Sino-Australian partnership lags behind the Australian-American alliance,and tough measures and conservatism are focused rather than pragmatism.The acceleration of power transfer between China and the US,the sharp expansion of strength gap between China and Australia,Australia’s fear of strategic abandonment by the US,and the rise of populism in Australia,have all contributed to the growing imbalance in Australia’s diplomacy toward China.China could take corresponding measures,such as speeding up the negotiation of the COC in the South China Sea,carrying out third-party market cooperation,propelling the process of“desecuritization”in the South Pacific,and improving the construction of discourse capacity.Due to the aggravation of the power struggle among major powers,the resurgence of ideology,and the transcendence of geopolitics over geo-economy,it would be hard to witness a significant change of Australia’s imbalanced diplomatic policy toward China.
作者
许善品
XU Shanpin(Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China)
出处
《太平洋学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第8期56-67,共12页
Pacific Journal
基金
2018年国家社科基金后期资助项目“论澳大利亚融入亚洲的动因、障碍与前景”(18FGJ009)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
澳大利亚
对华外交
平衡外交
外交失衡
Australia
diplomacy toward China
balanced strategy
imbalanced diplomacy
