摘要
改革前三十年中国社会的基层治理的制度设计与运作实践在很大程度上是相互分离的。就制度设计而言,无论国营企业内部的职工代表大会和工会,还是人民来信来访等正式制度的形成,均受到两种政治文化传统的驱动,即源自共产党革命的激进主义和源自五四时期思想启蒙的理性主义。前者强调劳动人民当家作主,后者注重在企业管理中扩大民主。不过,这两种传统背后的话语逻辑,均具有"形式主义"的共同特征。如果我们把视角从制度设计和话语逻辑,转移到基层治理制度的运作实践,则会发现真正主导这些制度实际运作的,乃是"实体主义"的治理模式。它所注重的是满足普通工人在日常生产和生活中的实际需求,而不是形式主义逻辑所预设的脱离现实的抽象目标。不同于形式主义视角下对基层治理实践的负面解读,本文对实体治理模式的研究强调普通职工赖以表达自身利益的各种正式和非正式制度一定程度的有效性。
In the thirty years before the reform, the institutional design and operative practice of grassroots governancein Chinese society were largely separated from each other. As far as institutional design is concerned, boththe workers congress or trade union in the state-owned enterprise and the formal institutions such as the complaintfiling office were driven by two political and cultural traditions, namely, the radicalism derived from theCommunist revolution and the rationalism derived from the May 4th Movement. The former emphasized theworking people as the masters of the state, whereas the latter paid more attention to the expansion of democracyin enterprise management. However, the common logic behind these two traditions was actually one of“formalism.”If we shifted from the institutional design and its logic to the operative practice of grassroots governance systems, we would find that it was a“substantive”mode that really dominated actual governance. This mode focused on meeting the actual needs of ordinary workers in daily production and life rather than pursuing the abstractgoal set by the formalist logic that was detached from reality. Different from the negative interpretation ofgrassroots governance in the perspective of formalism, this paper, with its research on the mode of substantivegovernance, recognizes the effectiveness of various formal and informal institutions that ordinary workers couldrely on to express their own interests.
作者
李怀印
Li Huaiyin(School of Government,Nanjing University;Department of History,University of Texas at Austin)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期62-81,M0004,M0005,共22页
Open Times
关键词
实体治理
形式主义
职工代表大会
工会
来信来访
substantive governance
formalism
workers congress
trade union
complaint filing
