摘要
本文讨论汉语“忘记”类动词的叙实性漂移及其句法语义条件,揭示其叙实性漂移的概念结构基础;还构拟了动词“忘记”从叙实动词到反叙实动词,最后演变出反事实条件标记的语法化路径。文章发现,“忘记”类动词的叙实性跟其宾语小句的现实性相关:当其宾语小句表示现实事态时,表现出叙实动词的特点,即肯定式和相应的否定式都蕴涵其宾语小句为真;当其宾语小句表示非现实事态时,表现出反叙实动词的特点,即肯定式蕴涵其宾语小句为假,而相应的否定式却蕴涵其宾语小句为真。文章指出,动词“忘记”的反叙实意义和情感色彩,为其虚化为反事实条件标记奠定了基础。
This paper discusses the factivity variation of the Chinese verb wangji忘记(forget)and other related verbs by displaying the basis of their conceptual structure.The path of how wangji grammaticalized from a factive verb to a counter-factive verb and finally to a counter-factual condition marker is also revealed.It is observed that,the factivity of sentences with wangji depends on the realis/irrealis situation of the object clause:The real situation activates the factive facet of wangji which renders the object clause as true regardless of whether wangji is negated or not;The unreal situation activates the counter-factive facet of wangji which renders the object clause as false(when wangji is affirmative)or true(when wangji is negated).Moreover,this paper points out that the counter-factive meaning(not to remember[doing something that one ought to do])and the implied sentiment(regret)of wangji provides a perfect basis for its grammaticalization into a marker of counter-factual condition(something was not done,but it would be better if it had been done).
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期515-526,638,共13页
Studies of the Chinese Language
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目“汉语意合语法框架下的词汇语义知识表示及其计算系统研究”(项目编号:18JJD740003)
国家社科基金重大项目《基于“互联网+”的国际汉语教学资源与智慧教育平台研究》(项目编号:18ZDA295)的资助。
关键词
“忘记”类动词
叙实性漂移
(反)叙实动词
现实性
反事实条件标记
verbs like wangji(forget)
factivity variation
(counter)factive verbs
realis/irrealis
marker of counter-factual condition
