摘要
目的研究不同环境条件下重度体力劳动者显性出汗时的散热特性,为改善高温高湿劳动环境提供参考。方法基于暖体假人实验平台,运用SPSS软件进行回归分析,研究环境温度(10~34℃)、相对湿度(60%~96%)、风速(0~4m/s)及假人表面温度(31~37℃)对完全潮湿服装蒸发散热占模拟假人总散热比的影响。结果环境温度对完全潮湿服装蒸发散热占模拟假人总散热比有显著正向影响(P<0.05);风速对其有显著负向影响(P<0.05);相对湿度与假人表面温度则对其影响不大(P>0.05);4个因素的影响程度排序:环境温度>风速>相对湿度>假人表面温度。结论在环境温度、湿度不易改变的情况下,为提高重体力劳动者散热强度,保证工人健康,增加环境风速为较好方法。
Objective To study the heat dissipation characteristics of severe manual laborers under explicit sweating in different environmental conditions,so as to provide a reference for improving the working environment.Methods Effects of ambient temperature(10~34℃),relative humidity(60%~96%),wind speed(0~4 m/s)and dummy surface temperature(31~37℃)on the evaporation and heat dissipation ratio of fully humid clothing to the total heat dissipation ratio were studied based on the experimental platform of thermal manikin,and by SPSS software regression analysis.Results The results showed that the environmental temperature had a significant positive effect on the ratio of evaporation and heat dissipation of completely wet clothing to the total heat dissipation of the thermal manikin(P<0.05);the wind speed had a significant negative effect on the ratio of evaporation and heat dissipation of completely wet clothing to the total heat dissipation of the thermal manikin(P<0.05);the relative humidity and the surface temperature of the manikin have little effect on the ratio of evaporation and heat dissipation of completely wet clothing to the total heat dissipation of the thermal manikin(P>0.05);The influence of four factors on the ratio of evaporation and heat dissipation of completely wet clothing to the total heat dissipation of the thermal manikin was ranked as follows:the ambient temperature was greater than the wind speed,the wind speed was greater than the relative humidity,and the relative humidity was greater than the surface temperature of the thermal manikin.ConclusionIn the case where the environmental temperature and humidity are not easy to change,it is better to increase the environmental wind speed in order to improve the heat dissipation strength of heavy manual workers and ensure their health.
作者
唐炫
刘何清
朱凯颖
黄琼
Tang Xuan;Liu Heqing;Zhu Kaiying;Huang Qiong(不详;School of Resources,Environment and Safety Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan Hunan 411201,China)
出处
《航天医学与医学工程》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期337-343,共7页
Space Medicine & Medical Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(51474105,51864014)。
关键词
环境因素
完全潮湿服装
暖体假人
散热比
environmental factor
completely wet clothes
thermal manikin
evaporation and heat dissipation
