摘要
为研究珠三角畜禽养殖场对周边地表水环境质量的影响,以珠三角广州、东莞、惠州、肇庆和佛山地区畜禽养殖场周边地表水为研究对象,测定了样品中13项污染指标:氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(CODCr)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、全盐量(TS)、悬浮物(SS)、粪大肠菌群(FC)、酸碱度(pH)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、六价铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)的含量,采用《畜禽场环境质量评价准则》(GB/T 19525.2—2004)、相关性分析和主成分分析法对地表水中各污染物的污染特征、来源及环境质量进行了评价分析。结果表明,除pH和TS外,其它常规污染指标的平均浓度和最高浓度均远高于综合标准限值,重金属指标中除Cr和Hg的最大浓度超标外,平均含量均低于综合标准限值。从污染物来源分析结果初步推断,地表水中NH3-N、TP、CODCr、BOD5、FC、Cr主要来源于畜禽养殖废水的污染,As、Cd、Hg、Pb受环境背景值影响较大,pH和SS和水体理化性质有关,TS与底泥中盐分释放有关。环境质量分析结果表明,珠三角畜禽养殖场周边地表水达到重污染级别,综合污染指数为3.86,主要污染因子为FC、TP、CODCr和NH3-N,单项污染指数分别为628、7.08、6.19和3.16,长期暴露于畜禽场周边极易导致水体环境恶化。
In order to investigate the effects of livestock and poultry farms on the environmental quality of adjacent surface water in Pearl River Delta,surface water samples were collected around the livestock and poultry farms which are located in Guangzhou,Dongguan,Huizhou,Foshan,and Zhaoqing city.The contents of NH3-N,TP,CODCr,BOD5,TS,SS,FC,pH,As,Cd,Cr,Hg,and Pb were analyzed according to the national standard(GB/T 19525.2—2004).The occurrence,sources and environment quality were assessed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis method.Results from the present study showed that,the average and maximum concentration of all targeted test except for pH and TS were much higher than the comprehensive standard limit.The average concentrations of heavy metals were lower than the comprehensive standard limit,while the maximum concentration of Cr and Hg exceeded the standard limit.NH3-N,TP,CODCr,BOD5,FC and Cr in surface water were mainly released from the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.The detection of As,Cd,Hg,and Pb were closely related to the environmental background values.The variation of pH and SS was affected by water physicochemical properties.The detection of TS was closely related to the salt content in sediment.The environmental quality analysis indicated that surface water collected around the livestock and poultry farms in the Pearl River Delta can be considered“Heavy pollution level”with a comprehensive pollution index of 3.86,and the detection of FC,TP,CODCr,and NH3-N was much higher than the standard limit with the single pollution index of 628,7.08,6.19 and 3.16,respectively,contributing to the heavy pollution level of surface water.Long-term exposure to the livestock and poultry farm environment may easily lead to the deterioration of the aquatic environment.
作者
宋磊
毛航球
李文英
高绣纺
欧俊
李倩
SONG Lei;MAO Hangqiu;LI Wenying;GAO Xiufang;OU Jun;LI Qian(Institute of Agricultural Resources&Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Resources&Environment,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期1427-1434,共8页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41371464)
广东省科技计划项目(2014A020216020,2016B020234004)
广州市科技计划项目(201707010044,201607010062)。
关键词
珠三角
畜禽养殖场
地表水
污染特征
环境质量
Pearl River Delta
livestock and poultry farm
surface water
pollution characteristic
environmental quality
