摘要
平等适用刑法原则完全可以为罪刑法定所含括,此原则仅仅有着"宣示"效果。仅以法教义学方法对现行规定进行精细地解释无法解决法规范内在的平等性问题,立法论层面的探讨就十分必要。在刑法立法平等原则缺失的情况下,亟需宪法平等原则的补济;与形式上的平等要求相比,合理的差别对待仅限于极为个别的领域。当下刑法立法中存在特殊保护"强者"以及倾斜规制"弱者"的欠合理的主体针对性立法现象,需要予以鉴别。衡量主体针对性立法是否合理,可以从三个方面切入:其一,以"强弱"比对作为检验的一般标准,防止出现"强者愈强,弱者愈弱"现象;其二,立法目的是否正当,如果设立规范的目的本身便不符合宪法确立的一般原则,或者目的并非足够重要,或者理由本身明显难以自圆其说,基本可否定差别对待的合理性;其三,如果平等对待便可达到相应的目标,或者差别对待代价过于昂贵,也可否定其合理性。
The principle of criminal law equal application can be included in the principle of legality,which only has the effect of"declaration".The internal equality of legal norms cannot be solved only by elaborating the current provisions with the method of legal dogmatics,it’s very necessary to discuss it at the level of legislation.In the absence of the principle of equality in criminal law legislation,it is urgent to supplement the principle of constitutional equality;compared with formal equality requirements,reasonable differential treatment is limited to very few areas.In the current criminal law legislation,there are some unreasonable subject pertinence legislative phenomena,such as special protection of the"strong"and inclined regulation of the"weak",which need to be identified.There are three ways to measure the rationality of subject pertinence legislation:first,take the"strong-weak"comparison as the general standard to prevent the phenomenon of"the stronger,the weaker";second,whether the purpose of legislation is legitimate,if the purpose of establishing norms is not in line with the general principles established by the constitution,or the purpose is not important enough,or if the reason itself is obviously difficult to justify,it is basically possible to deny the rationality of differential treatment;third,if equal treatment can achieve the corresponding goal,or the cost of differential treatment is too expensive,also can deny its rationality.
作者
崔志伟
CUI Zhi-wei(Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)
出处
《河北法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第9期83-100,共18页
Hebei Law Science
基金
国家社科基金重大项目《涉信息网络违法犯罪行为法律规制研究》(13ZDB147)的阶段性成果。
关键词
刑法立法
主体针对性
平等原则
规范目的
比例原则
criminal law legislation
subject pertinence
the principle of equality
normative purpose
proportionality principle
