摘要
新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)目前正处于全球流行状态,已成为当前重要的公共卫生问题,严重威胁全球人类健康。疫苗接种是预防和控制传染病最有效、最经济的手段之一。新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)属于β-冠状病毒。国内外研究者对SARS-CoV-2疫苗的靶点选择、动物模型以及疫苗的设计等都取得了较快的进展。在此基础上,SARS-CoV-2疫苗的研发也处于快速进展中。截至2020年6月,136个疫苗研发项目正在进行,包含了灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、重组蛋白疫苗、核酸疫苗和病毒载体疫苗5种类型,其中10个正处于临床试验阶段。同时,SARS-CoV-2疫苗的研发与上市仍旧面临许多挑战。例如,抗体依赖增强效应问题、疫苗在不同人群中的安全性、疫苗长期保护作用未知、病毒变异造成的不确定性、大规模生产的产能储备等。SARS-CoV-2疫苗的研发任重而道远,需要国内外研究者共同合作,在保证疫苗安全性和有效性的前提下,早日研发成功并投入使用,以遏制全球大流行。
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has become an important public health issue in the whole world and poses a serious threat to individual health.Vaccination is one of the most effective and economical approaches to prevent and control infectious diseases.SARS-CoV-2 belongs to betacoronavirus.With the research experience of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV,researchers at home and abroad have made considerable progress in the selection of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine targets,animal models and immune protection indicators.On this basis,the research and development of the vaccines is also in rapid development.As of June,2020,136 vaccine development projects are under way,covering all the five types,inactivated,attenuated,recombinant protein,nucleic acid and viral vector vaccines,10 of which are in clinical trials.However,the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is still faced with many challenges,including anti-body-dependent enhancement(ADE)effect,safety problem,unknown long-term protection,possible mutation of virus and the issue of mass production and delivery.There is still a long way to go in the research and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines,and researchers at home and abroad should work together to develop a successful vaccine and curb the pandemic as soon as possible.
作者
郭振宇
刘珏
刘霞
GUO Zhen-yu;LIU Jue;LIU Xia(Shool of Public Health,Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing,100191,China)
出处
《中国病毒病杂志》
CAS
2020年第4期249-254,共6页
Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC0846300)
国家传染病防治科技重大专项(2020ZX10001002)。
