摘要
作为创业动机领域的新兴话题,创业者亲社会动机既是解释企业生成和发展的重要因素,也是引导创业者创造社会价值的动力。目前对创业者亲社会动机研究已取得一定理论成果,但缺少关于该主题的系统综述,国内的相关研究成果也较少。鉴于此,本文首先阐述了创业者亲社会动机的内涵及测量,并将利他、同情、共情等纳入到创业者亲社会动机的范畴;随后总结了其影响因素包括性别、先前社会问题经验和正念;进而分析了创业者亲社会动机不仅有利于增强社会创业意向、创业机会识别和实现个人成长,还能促进企业发展和企业社会责任行为等;最后提出未来研究应重视创业者亲社会动机的测量和研究方法、拓展影响因素及深化影响结果的实证研究、探索创业者亲社会动机与其他相关动机的交互效应、关注不同群体的亲社会动机及对比分析。本文构建了创业者亲社会动机研究的整体框架,为创业动机研究指出了新方向。
Today’s society is facing challenges such as disease,poverty and environmental degradation.Especially in 2020,the rampage of COVID-19 has caused serious harm to human society.The advancement of society requires not only entrepreneurs to take action to solve social problems,but also the motivation to do so.Thus,prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs has gradually become a hot topic in the field of entrepreneurship.Prior studies have highlighted the importance of entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation and achieved certain results.However,there are few research results in the context of China,and there is also a lack of a systematic review of this topic,which is not conducive to further research.In this paper,we conduct a systematic review of related literature,including the definition,category,measurement,antecedents,and results of prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs.The purpose of this paper is not only to review the existent research,but also to attract the attention of scholars for entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation.To begin with,this paper illustrates the definition,category and measurement of entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation.Specifically,prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs refers to entrepreneurs’desire to work hard for the well-being of others during the entrepreneurial process,whose category includes altruism,empathy,compassion,etc.Researchers mainly use Grant’s mature scale or design their own measuring tools to measure entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation.Secondly,we summarize the influencing factors of entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation including gender,previous social issues experience,mindfulness,etc.Then,this paper sums up the influencing results of entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation.At the individual level,entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation makes a significant effect on entrepreneurs’social entrepreneurial intentions,entrepreneurial opportunity recognition,entrepreneurial decision-making,subjective well-being,and personal growth of entrepreneurs.At the enterprise level,entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation can influence the establishment of a new enterprise,and once the enterprise established,it is conducive to the development and corporate social responsibility behaviors of the enterprise.In addition,with the deepening of research,scholars explain the mechanism between entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation and their influencing results from cognitive and affective processes and self-determination theory.Finally,we propose future research needs to further explore the following aspects:(1)The measurement and research methods of entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation;(2)The influencing factors of entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation;(3)The impact of entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation and its mechanism;(4)The interaction between entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation and other related motivations;(5)The prosocial motivation and comparative analysis of different groups.In general,the prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs is an important research topic which is in the growing period.This paper reviews the existing researches on the prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs,focusing on the three major questions of“what is the prosocial motivation of entrepreneurs,what are the causes and effects,and what else should we pay attention to in the future”.By answering the above questions,we present a clear and complete research framework,which is helpful to deepen the understanding of entrepreneurs’prosocial motivation,and provide inspiration for interdisciplinary entrepreneurship research and entrepreneurship practice.
作者
胡望斌
彭小平
彭息强
焦康乐
张亚会
Hu Wangbin;Peng Xiaoping;Peng Xiqiang;Jiao Kangle;Zhang Yahui(Business School,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Research Center of Entrepreneurship and SME Management,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Management,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)
出处
《外国经济与管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第10期91-106,共16页
Foreign Economics & Management
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71672091,71472098,71532005,71772055,71872023)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(63202303)
南开大学教改项目(NKJG2019033)
天津市研究生科研创新项目(2019YJSB088)。
关键词
创业者
社会创业者
亲社会动机
共情
同情
entrepreneurs
social entrepreneurs
prosocial motivation
empathy
compassion
