摘要
19世纪中叶,西方基督教医学传教士用柳叶刀所象征的手术技艺打开了西医进入中国的大门,展示了以外科方式治愈某些身体病痛的新途径。麻醉术、无菌术等与外科密切相关的知识和技艺传入中国并不断更新,更奠定了西医以外科见长的医学论述基调。在20世纪上半叶的中西医论争中,西医手术成为判定中西医优劣、内外科强弱的焦点之一。西医外科超越器物层面,兼容医学各科之发展,其学科界定直指中国传统医学的“落后”医理。中医在反击西医外科优越论的同时,也经历了自我重构的过程。从采生折割的恐怖想象,到西医手术的逐渐采纳,在以医院为代表的新式治疗场域内,恐慌与疼痛的体验并存,充满着医患之间的复杂博弈。西医手术既以刀割技艺疗治国人身体,也逐步形塑了新的医疗理念与身体观念。
In the mid-nineteenth century,Western Christian medical missionaries used the surgical techniques to open the door for Western medicine to China and showed Chinese a new approach to curing illnesses with surgeries.Western knowledge and techniques related to surgeries,such as anaesthesia and asepsis,were introduced into China and continuously updated,and thus lay the foundation for the idea that Western medicine was superior in terms of surgeries.In the debates between Chinese and Western medicine in the first half of the twentieth century,Western surgical medicine became evidence to argue the superiority and advantages of Western medicine.Western surgical techniques transcended the material level and involved the development of various branches of medicine.They were used to criticize the“backwardness”of Chinese traditional medicine.While advocates of Chinese medicine disputed the superiority of Western surgical medicine,Chinese medicine also underwent a process of self-reconfiguration.In the new space of medical care represented by modern hospitals,Western surgeries,at first associated with horrible images of cutting off human bodies alive,were gradually accepted by Chinese patients,who experienced both horror and pain in surgeries and complicated interactions with doctors there.Western surgical medicine not only cured Chinese people s bodies,but also shaped their idea about body and instilled a new medical ideal into them.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期46-63,M0003,M0004,共20页
Modern Chinese History Studies
