摘要
在广义涉身认知理论的背景下,对认知科学最具代表性也是当前最为活跃的认知心理学、脑神经科学和人工智能三条路径几个焦点问题的考察,能揭示出这些路径所面对的理论困境及其可能的出路。对于认知心理学的表征问题而言,除了命题式表征,可以承认以身体为基础的知觉表征作为原初表征在基底层提供认知与行动的因果说明;对于脑神经科学而言,主张破解意识难题可行的路线是第一人称和第三人称的综合研究;对于人工智能而言,倡导借鉴自上而下和自下而上结合的方法去建构心智的认知架构,未来既满足人类价值也兼顾机器利益的可信赖的道德主体应当是人—机交融的延展认知系统。在这些考察过程中可以看出,哲学与前沿的认知科学在某种条件下既构成双向挑战的态势,又具有双向推进科学和哲学发展的效应,这种效应为实现哲学与认知科学的交叉融合提供了重要启示。
In the context of generalized embodied cognitive theory,the investigation of several topical issues in the three approaches of cognitive psychology,neuroscience,and artificial intelligence,the most representative and currently most active of the cognitive sciences,can reveal the theoretical dilemma these approaches face and a possible exit strategy.As far as the representation of the issue of cognitive psychology is concerned,it must be admitted that in addition to propositional representation,taking body-based perceptual representation as the original form of representation provides a causal explanation of cognition and action in the basal layer.As far as neuroscience is concerned,a feasible route for deciphering the consciousness problem lies in a comprehensive study of the first person and the third person;while for artificial intelligence,using a combination of top-down and bottom-up methods to construct a cognitive framework of the mind is recommended.In future,a trustworthy moral entity that satisfies human values while bearing in mind gains from machines should be an extended cognitive system that integrates man and machine.In the course of these investigations,it can be seen that under certain conditions,philosophy and cutting-edge cognitive science not only constitute a two-way challenge,but also have the effect of two-way promotion of the development of science and philosophy.This effect provides an important stimulus for the realization of a path of cross-integration of philosophy and cognitive science.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第9期23-47,204,205,共27页
Social Sciences in China
基金
中国社会科学杂志社哲学部主办的“语言、认知与心灵学术研讨会”参会论文
中国人民大学哲学与认知科学跨学科平台资助。
