摘要
【目的】探究木荷优树自由授粉家系生长性状随年龄变化的遗传变异规律及早晚相关性,为木荷改良效率的提高提供理论依据。【方法】以2008年在福建建瓯营建的47个木荷优树自由授粉家系为材料,分别于3、5和10年生时调查树高和胸径等生长指标,分析其不同年龄的遗传变异情况,揭示遗传参数的变化规律及表型和遗传的早晚相关性,并初步评价不同家系生长量的稳定性。【结果】在不同年龄,木荷优树自由授粉家系树高和胸径在家系间的差异均达极显著水平,且家系效应随年龄的增长而增强,同时存在明显的产地效应。树高和胸径在幼龄期生长量较大,且胸径的生长率大于树高的生长率。典型家系生长趋势的分析结果显示,随年龄增长,早期处于优势和劣势家系的生长趋势不变,而处于中等家系的生长趋势会变优或变劣。树高的家系和单株遗传力分别为0.23~0.59和0.09~0.56,胸径的家系和单株遗传力分别为0.39~0.76和0.18~0.70,树高和胸径随年龄增长受遗传控制增强,5年后受较高水平的遗传控制,且胸径受遗传控制强于树高。变异系数分析结果显示,在不同年龄,树高和胸径的表型变异系数大于遗传变异系数;随年龄增长,胸径的表型变异系数减小,遗传变异系数增大,而树高的表型和遗传变异系数呈先增大后减小的趋势;胸径的表型和遗传变异系数大于树高。早晚相关结果显示,树高的表型和遗传早晚相关系数分别为0.20~0.28和0.26~0.55,胸径分别为0.23~0.59和0.53~0.80,均随年龄增长而增强;2个性状的早晚相关主要受遗传因素控制;5年生时树高和胸径的表型和遗传早晚相关系数均大于3年生,说明5年作为早期选择年龄较3年有效;胸径的早晚相关系数大于树高,说明以胸径作为早期选择性状效果较好。基于基因型分组法,以胸径作为评价指标,将参试的47个家系分为4类,其中低生长量高稳定性的家系占比最大(34.04%);以高生长量高稳定性为目标,筛选出JO49、JO62和LQ1等12个家系。【结论】木荷优树自由授粉家系生长性状的遗传效应随年龄增长而增强,同时存在明显的产地效应,应加强优良产地内的家系选择。树高和胸径在5年后受较高水平的遗传控制;胸径受到的遗传控制强于树高,且具有较强的变异性。树高和胸径的早晚相关主要受遗传控制,胸径作为早期选择性状更可靠。5年较3年以胸径作为早期选择性状选择效率更高。
【Objective】By exploring the juvenile-mature correlation and patterns of genetic variation in growth traits of open-pollinated families of Schima superba with changes of age to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing the efficiency of genetic improvement of S.superba.【Method】47 open-pollinated families of S.superba plus trees established in Fujian in 2008 were investigated,tree height and DBH were measured in the 3rd,5th and 10th years,respectively,genetic variation at different ages was analyzed to reveal the changes of genetic parameters and the phenotypic and genetic juvenile-mature correlations,and the stability of increment of different families was preliminarily evaluated.【Result】At different ages,the height and DBH of open-pollinated families of S.superba plus trees were significantly different from each other,and the family effect increased with the increase of age,and there was significant provenance effect.The growth of height and DBH was larger at younger age,and the growth rate of the DBH was relatively greater than that of the tree height.The growth analysis of typical families showed an unchanged trend of the early dominant and inferior families with the increase of age,while the middle families tended to become better or worse.The family and individual heritabilities of the tree height were between 0.23-0.59 and 0.09-0.56,respectively,and the family and individual heritabilities of the DBH were between 0.39-0.76 and 0.18-0.70,respectively.The genetic control of tree height and DBH were increased with the increase of age,higher level of genetic control appeared after 5 years,and the genetic control was greater in DBH than in tree height.The phenotypic variation coefficients were greater than the genetic variation coefficients of tree height and DBH;With increasing age,the genetic variation coefficient of DBH increased,and the phenotypic variation coefficients of DBH decreased,while the phenotypic and genetic variation coefficients of tree height increased first and followed by a decrease.The phenotypic and genetic variation coefficients of DBH were greater than tree height.The juvenile-mature phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients of tree height were between 0.20-0.28 and 0.26-0.55,respectively,and the DBH was between 0.23-0.59 and 0.53-0.80,displaying a trend of increase with age,the juvenile-mature correlation was mainly controlled by genetic factors;At 5 years,the phenotypic and genetic juvenile-mature correlation of both tree height and DBH were greater than those at 3 years,indicating that early selection was more effective at 5 years than at 3 years;The juvenile-mature correlation coefficient of DBH was greater than tree height,indicating that DBH was better as an early selection trait.Based on genotype grouping,47 families were divided into 4 categories with DBH as the evaluation indicator,among them,the families with low increment and high stability accounted for the largest proportion(34.04%);12 families such as JO49,JO62 and LQ1 were selected with the goal of high growth and high stability.【Conclusion】The genetic effect of growth traits among the open-pollinated families of S.superba plus trees were increased with age increase,and there was a significant effect of provenance,families should be selected within superior provenances.The genetic control of tree height and DBH becomes higher after 5 years,and the DBH has a greater genetic control and a stronger variability than the tree height has.Juvenile-mature correlation of tree height and DBH was mainly controlled by genetic factors,DBH was more reliable as an early selection trait.DBH as early selective trait selection was more efficient at 5 years than at 3 years.
作者
王云鹏
张蕊
周志春
黄少华
马丽珍
范辉华
Wang Yunpeng;Zhang Rui;Zhou Zhichun;Huang Shaohua;Ma Lizhen;Fan Huihua(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding,Hangzhou 311400;Nanjing Forestry University ,Nanjing 210037;Forestry Technology Extension Center of Jian’ou,Fujian Jian’ou 353100;Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences,Fuzhou 350012)
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第9期77-86,共10页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
浙江省农业(林木)新品种选育重大科技专项重点课题(2016C02056-3)
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ19C160002)
福建省林木种苗科技攻关六期项目专项(201904)。
关键词
木荷
自由授粉家系
生长性状
遗传变异
早晚相关
Schima superba
open-pollinated family
growth traits
genetic variation
juvenile-mature correlation
