摘要
汉语高频出现的情态构式“非Vp不可”可表达三种情态:动力情态[必欲],道义情态[必要]和认识情态[必然]。要得到认识情态[必然]解释,需要特定的句法条件:(1)构式中的动词短语的静态情状;(2)动词是非自主动词而且又具有非意愿特征时;(3)当构式中的事件表现出消极的社会评价意义时;(4)“把”字结构表现的处置意义为消极意义时;(5)当句子表现出被动、遭受等与意愿有矛盾的意义时;(6)当构式中的事件是现实事件,而人的意愿之力无法再对这类事件施加任何影响时;(7)当句子的主语具有无生特征且与意愿无关时。这些句法条件都可以从[+意愿]与[-意愿]的对立作出统一的解释:当“非Vp不可”构式处于[-意愿]的句法环境时,该构式一般会得出认识情态[必然]的解释。
Three types of necessities,dynamic,deontic and epistemic,can be conveyed by the highly frequent Chinese mod⁃al construction“fei+Vp+buke”(非Vp不可).Some syntactic or semantic features have to be present for the construction to be read as expressing epistemic modality,including the static situation of the verb phrases in the construction,non-agentivity and unwillingness of the verb phrases in the construction,the negative social evaluation of events in the construction,the neg⁃ative disposition of the ba(把)-expression in the construction,the counter-volition such as passivity and suffering of the events in the construction,the factuality and unchangeability of the event in the construction and the inanimateness of the non-volitive subject of the sentence.These syntactic or semantic features can be explained uniformly from the opposition be⁃tween[+volition]and[-volitions]:with the[-volition]syntactic or semantic features,the“fei+Vp+buke”construction will generally get epistemic necessity,otherwise,the root necessities may be obtained.
作者
彭利贞
Peng Lizhen(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058,China)
出处
《华文教学与研究》
CSSCI
2020年第3期61-69,共9页
TCSOL Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“对外汉语教学语法大纲的研制和教学参考语法书系(多卷本)”(17ZDA307)
国家社科基金项目“基于语料库的汉语全句功能范畴的句法实现位置研究”(15BYY140)
浙江大学文科教师教学科研发展专项资助。
关键词
“非Vp不可”
情态
构式
认识情态
“fei+Vp+buke”(非Vp不可)
modality
construction
epistemic modality
