摘要
【目的】研究喷施叶面镁肥对福建设施甜椒干物质累积分配、养分吸收利用和产量的影响,明确适宜的叶面镁肥喷施浓度,为设施甜椒叶面镁肥的科学施用提供理论依据。【方法】以甜椒品种特雅斯为供试材料,在福建省诏安县布置田间试验,试验设5个叶面镁肥喷施浓度处理,分别为0(对照)、0.5%(Mg0.5)、1.0%(Mg1.0)、2.0%(Mg2.0)、4.0%(Mg4.0)浓度的MgSO4·7H2O(喷施量700 L/ha),每处理重复4次,随机区组设计,探究喷施叶面镁肥对设施甜椒干物质累积、叶片SPAD镁浓度及积累量、氮磷钾浓度及设施甜椒产量、收益、成本等指标变化,进而确定适宜的叶面镁肥喷施浓度。【结果】喷施叶面镁肥能明显提升挂果老叶的SPAD值,与对照相比,Mg4.0处理叶片SPAD值最高,较对照SPAD值上升6.92%。喷施叶面镁肥有助于设施甜椒干物质的累计,增幅为1.39%~3.98%;且累积量的提升主要来自于果实,与不施叶面镁肥相比,Mg4.0处理的果实干物质累积量显著提升(P<0.05,下同),增幅为9.03%。喷施叶面镁肥可促进叶片镁和氮的吸收利用,抑制叶片钾的吸收利用,但不影响叶片磷的吸收利用;当叶面镁肥喷施浓度为4.0%时,叶片中氮和镁的累积量分别提升10.05%和14.06%,叶片中钾的累积量降低8.42%。喷施叶面镁肥有助于设施甜椒商品果产量的提升,增幅为1.56%~13.63%;且主要来自于优果率和总产量的提升。与对照相比,Mg4.0处理显著提升设施甜椒的肥料偏生产力,氮、磷、钾的增幅分别为13.62%、13.62%和13.63%;设施甜椒经济效益增幅为0.94%~24.56%,且Mg4.0处理的经济效益、成本收益率和新增纯收益率均最高。【结论】在土壤交换性镁含量处于缺乏状态时,喷施叶面镁肥提高了作物养分利用效率,促进了产量和经济效益的提升,具有显著的提质增效作用。可见,在设施甜椒技术综合管理体系中,叶面喷施镁肥是一种有效的养分补充措施。
【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of foliar magnesium(Mg)applications on dry matter accumulation,nutrient utilization and yield of facility sweet peppers,to provide a scientific theoretical basis for appropriate foliar Mg application on sweet pepper.【Method】A field experiment of sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum L.cv.Teyasi)foliar Mg application at a gradient of 0(control),0.5%(Mg0.5),1.0%(Mg1.0),2.0%(Mg2.0)and 4.0%(Mg4.0)concentration of MgSO4·7H2O(application amount 700 L/ha)was conducted in Zhao’an County,Fujian Province.Four replicates of each treatment and a random block design were used in this experiment.Variations of dry matter accumulation,leaf SPAD value,Mg concentration and accumulation,concentrations of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K),yield of facility pepper,benefits and cost were analyzed to determine the proper leaf Mg application rate.【Result】Foliar Mg application increased the SPAD value of the old fruit-bearing leaves.Compared with no Mg application,the SPAD value of the leaves was the highest at Mg4.0 treatment,which was 6.92%higher than no Mg application.Foliar Mg application was helpful for the accumulation of dry matter in facility sweet peppers,with an increase of 1.39%-3.98%,especially for fruits.Compared with no Mg application,the significantly increased rate of fruits dry matter was 9.03%at Mg4.0 treatment(P<0.05,the same below).The absorption and utilization of Mg and N in leaves were increased,while that the leaf K concentration was decreased with foliar Mg application increased.However,the leaf P concentration was not affected by foliar Mg application.When the concentration of foliar Mg application was 4%,the cumulative amount of N and Mg in the leaves increases by 10.05%and 14.06%,respectively,and the cumulative amount of K in the leaves decreased by 8.42%.Foliar Mg application increased the output of commercial sweet peppers by 1.56%-13.63%.Compared with no Mg application,Mg4.0 treatment significantly increased the fertilizer partial productivity(N,P,K)of the facility sweet pepper by 13.62%,13.62%,and 13.63%,respectively.Meanwhile,the economic benefit of facility sweet pepper increased by 0.94%-24.56%.The economic benefit,costreturn rate and nwe pure return rate were the highest at Mg4.0 treatment.【Conclusion】Foliar Mg application effectively promotes the utilization efficiency,yield and the economics benefits of sweet pepper while the soil exchangeable Mg is deficiency,which has significant effects on quality and efficiency improving.Foliar Mg fertilizer application can be an effective nutrition complementary method du-ring a comprehensive sweet pepper production technical system.
作者
孟祥明
黄晓曼
李健
侯炜
焦加斌
谢榕榕
许炜东
郑朝元
MENG Xiang-ming;HUANG Xiao-man;LI Jian;HOUWei;JIAO Jia-bin;XIE Rong-rong;XUWei-dong;ZHENG Chao-yuan(College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Zhao’an County,Zhao’an,Fujian 363500,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期1953-1959,共7页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41601244)
国际镁营养研究所开放基金项目(IMI2018-09)
福建省教育厅中青年项目(JAT160174)。
关键词
甜椒
叶面镁肥
干物质累积
养分利用
产量
经济效益
sweet peppers
foliar magnesium fertilizer
dry matter accumulation
nutrient utilization
yield
economic benefits
