摘要
土壤化学是重要的土壤学基础分支学科。在回顾了土壤化学发展历程的基础上,梳理了土壤化学的四个前沿交叉方向,并展望了土壤化学与其他相关学科的交叉发展趋势,以期寻求新的学科增长点。土壤化学经历了从恒电荷到可变电荷土壤学说演变,我国在土壤电化学、根际土壤化学、土壤化学-物理-微生物界面反应等方向逐步领跑。新时代中国已经发展成为国际土壤化学的研究中心之一,尤其在土壤化学与微生物学、地球化学、矿物学、环境化学等交叉领域取得了突破性发展。同时,发展并运用同步辐射、微流控联用光谱能谱、高分辨显微镜、光谱电化学等实时、原位、高精度研究方法,推动土壤化学研究取得了长足的进步。新时代的土壤化学具有三个重要发展趋势,首先系统揭示地球表层系统中物质循环与能量交换的土壤化学机制,实现“0到1”的土壤化学原创性成果的突破;其次需要综合运用地球表层系统理论,从多界面、多要素、多过程的“三多”交互耦合;再次,需要加强与地球宜居性这一人类重大命题的交叉融合,为生态文明建设、土壤污染防治攻坚战、全球变化等国家重大需求提供理论支持。
Soil chemistry is an important and fundamental branch of soil science.On the basis of providing a historical overview of the progress of soil chemistry,this review exclusively summarized the most striking achievements in four innovative topics of soil chemistry and followed by analyzing the future research opportunities in soil chemistry with particularly emphasizing multidisciplinary coordination.The study of soil chemistry originated from observing the ability of soils to exchange ions and evolved to the direction of soil electrochemistry,rhizosphere/soil chemistry,interfacial processes of soil minerals,organic matters,and microorganisms that have been gradually led by China.Being the center of the community of this new era,China has particularly made an immense breakthrough in intercrossing soil chemistry with microbiology,geochemistry,mineralogy,and environmental chemistry.Moreover,the innovation of in-situ,real-time,and high-resolved analytical techniques including synchrotron radiation-based spectroscopy,microfluidic modulation spectroscopy,high-resolution microscopy,and spectroelectrochemistry,has remarkably advanced the progress of soil chemistry.There are three key aspects determining the destiny of soil chemistry in the coming decade:1)explore the soil chemistry mechanism in the matter cycles and energy exchange in the Earth surface system,to achieve an original breakthrough from“0 to 1”in soil chemistry;2)on the basis of the Earth surface theory,the exploration of the mechanisms of biogeochemical cycles and energy exchange in the complex system is likely by the coupling of multi-interfaces,elements,and processes,and a breakthrough toward originality in soil chemistry can be expected;3)finally and also importantly,future research in soil chemistry should be built upon the national needs and priorities for constructing ecological civilization,battling for soil pollution and global change.
作者
李芳柏
徐仁扣
谭文峰
周顺桂
刘同旭
石振清
方利平
刘承帅
刘芳华
李晓敏
冯雄汉
吴云当
LI Fangbai;XU Renkou;TAN Wenfeng;ZHOU Shungui;LIU Tongxu;SHI Zhenqing;FANG Liping;LIU Chengshuai;LIU Fanghua;LI Xiaomin;FENG Xionghan;WU Yundang(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management,Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science&Technology,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China,Guangzhou 510650,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China,College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Resources and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Scholl of Environment and Energy,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Environmental Research Institute,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1088-1104,共17页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
国际(地区)合作与交流项目(41420104007)。
关键词
土壤化学
植物营养元素化学
生物电化学
反应动力学
界面反应
土壤矿物
Soil chemistry
Plant nutrition chemistry
Bioelectrochemistry
Reaction kinetics
Interfacial reaction
Soil mineral
