摘要
为明确不同恢复年限植被措施对煤矿排土场边坡水土流失的防治效应,采用样方调查法,以内蒙古准格尔旗永利煤矿矿区排土场边坡为研究对象,以裸露边坡(CK)为对照,研究不同恢复年限(1 a、3 a、5 a)的沙柳方格+沙棘+沙打旺(SHA)和沙柳方格+沙打旺(SA)2种措施对细沟发育的影响。结果表明:(1)1a时CK、SHA与SA措施细沟宽度均集中分布在4~8 cm,细沟深度均集中分布在2~4 cm;3 a时CK、SHA与SA措施细沟宽度则集中分布在4~8 cm、8~12 cm、4~8 cm,细沟深度均集中分布在4~6 cm;5 a时CK与SHA措施细沟宽度均集中分布在8~12 cm,而细沟深度则集中分布在4~6 cm和8~14 cm;(2)CK(1~5 a)、SHA措施(1~5 a)和SA措施(1~3 a)的细沟平均宽分别为7.57~11.35 cm、7.58~13.31 cm和5.57~6.14 cm,细沟平均深分别为3.38~6.23 cm、4.19~10.34 cm、2.59~4.24 cm,三者的细沟平均宽深比分别为2.39、2.12和2.05,平均细沟密度分别为1.52~5.25 m·m^-2、1.42~1.68 m·m^-2和1.88~2.25 m·m^-2;(3)1 a时CK、SHA和SA措施的细沟宽深比随坡长变化幅度较大,随着恢复年限增加,宽深比则呈下降趋势,CK、SHA措施和SA措施的细沟密度和细沟侵蚀量均随坡长增加呈增大趋势;(4)与CK相比,1 a时SHA和SA措施边坡细沟侵蚀模数分别减小25.0%和25.86%,两种措施减蚀效果差别不大,而3 a时则分别减小了61.73%和35.31%,SHA措施减蚀效果显著增强。研究结果可以为矿区排土场边坡的植被合理布设提供科学依据与理论指导。
【Objective】Slopes of coal mine dump are characterized by severity of soil erosion,diversity of erosion type and complexity of erosion processes.The law of soil erosion on the slopes is different from that on slopes of original landform in mining areas.In order to explore effects of revegetation controlling soil erosion on slopes of coal mine dumps,survey of a dumping site was carried out in the Yongli Coal Mining of Zhungeer Banner,Inner Mongolia.【Method】The survey,using the quadrat survey procedure,covered a bare slope as CK,and slopes revegetated in the pattern of Salix cheilophila+Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.And Astragalus adsurgens Pall(SHA)or Salix heilophila and Astragalusadsurgens Pall(SA),for a different time period of 1a,3a or 5a,in an attempt to explore spatial and temporal effects of the revegetation on rill development on the slopes.【Result】Results show:(1)on all the slopes,the rills varied in the range of 4-8 cm in width and in the range of 2-4 cm in depth in the first year,on the slopes of CK,SHA and SH did in the range of 4-8 cm,8-12 cm and 4-8 cm in width,respectively,and all in the range of 4-6 cm in depth in the third year,and on the slopes of CK and SHA,they did in the range of 8-12 cm in width and in the range of 4-6 cm and 8-14 cm in depth respectively;(2)Over the five years,the rills on Slopes CK,SHA and SA varied in the range of 7.57-11.35 cm,7.58-13.31 cm and 5.57-6.14 cm,respectively,in mean width,in the range of 3.38-6.23 cm,4.19-10.34 cm,and 2.59-4.24 cm,respectively in mean depth,and in the range of 1.52-5.25 m·m^-2,1.42-1.68 m·m^-2 and 1.88-2.25 m·m^-2,respectively,in density;(3)For the first year,the rills in all the slopes increased with length of the slope in ratio of width and depth quite sharply,but with the time going on,they showed a decreasing trend in the ratio,while they varied in an increasing trend in rill density and rill erosion amount with length of the slope;and(4)Compared with CK,SHA and SA decreased the slope rill erosion modulus by 25.0%and 25.86%,respectively,showing little erosion controlling effect in the first year,but they did by 61.73%and 35.31%respectively,showing significantly enhanced erosion controlling effect【.Conclusion】SHA and SA come to be effective only in the third year and on.The rills on Slopes SHA and SA varied in the range of 8-12 cm and 4-8 cm,respectively,in width and in a range of 4-6 cm and 2-6 cm,respectively,in depth,which indicates SA is more effective in controlling development of rills,in terms of width and depth of rills.And the rills on Slopes SHA and SA varied in the range of 1.42-1.68 m·m^-2 and 1.88-2.25 m·m^-2,respectively,in density,which suggests that SHA is more effective in terms of number of rills per unit area.Both of the effects become more significant with increasing distance from the top of the slope.Erosion modulus was 1.15%lower in SHA than in SA in in the first year,and then came up to 1.55 kg·m–2·a–1 and 2.62 kg·m–2·a-1,respectively,in the two,suggesting that SHA is more effective in controlling erosion.All the findings in this survey may serve as a scientific basis and theoretical guidance for rational revegetation of mine dump slopes.
作者
崔志强
王文龙
郭明明
康宏亮
李建明
白芸
郭文召
CUI Zhiqiang;WANG Wenlong;GUO Mingming;KANG Hongliang;LI Jianming;BAI Yun;GUO Wenzhao(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Life Science College,Yulin University,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China)
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1155-1165,共11页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40771127,41701316,41761062)
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501604)资助。
关键词
排土场边坡
细沟侵蚀
植被措施
细沟形态
恢复年限
Coal mine dump slope
Rill erosion
Revegetation measures
Rill form
Revegetation age
