摘要
针对黄土高原地区秸秆还田氮肥施用不合理这一实际问题,于2019年在内蒙古清水河县进行秸秆还田与氮肥运筹小区试验,探究氮肥习惯施用(FN)、氮肥习惯施用配合秸秆还田(FNS)、氮肥高量施用配合秸秆还田(HNS)、氮肥后肥前移施用(RN)、氮肥后肥前移施用配合秸秆还田(RNS)下土壤养分及玉米产量变化规律。结果表明,秸秆还田结合氮肥施用提高了土壤有机质含量,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著增加,尤以氮肥后肥前移施用配合秸秆还田和氮肥高量施用配合秸秆还田提升效果最佳;在产量方面,秸秆不还田条件下,氮肥后肥前移施用较氮肥习惯施用有所下降,但未达到显著差异水平,秸秆还田处理氮肥习惯施用配合秸秆还田、氮肥高量施用配合秸秆还田、氮肥后肥前移施用配合秸秆还田较对照氮肥习惯施用籽粒产量分别提高5.30%、10.93%、11.41%,茎秆产量分别提高8.89%、14.16%、10.91%,以氮肥后肥前移施用配合秸秆还田处理氮肥偏生产力最高。由此说明,秸秆还田结合氮肥施用可培肥土壤和提高作物产量,氮肥后肥前移配合秸秆还田措施效果最好,可作为一种节本增产增效栽培技术模式在内蒙古黄土高原推广应用。
In view of the practical problem of unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for straw returning to the field in the Loess Plateau,a plot experiment on straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer operation was carried out in Qingshuihe County,Inner Mongolia in 2019.The purpose of this study was to explore the changes of soil nutrients and cron yield under the habitual application of nitrogen fertilizer(FN),the habitual application of nitrogen fertilizer combined with straw returning(FNS),the high amount of nitrogen fertilizer combined with straw returning(HNS),the forward application of nitrogen fertilizer after nitrogen application(RN),and the forward application of nitrogen fertilizer combined with straw returning(RNS).The results showed that straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer increased the content of soil organic matter,soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium significantly,especially in the treatments of RNS and HNS.In terms of yield,under the condition of no straw returning to the field,the former application of RN after nitrogen fertilizer decreased compared with the habitual application of nitrogen fertilizer FN,but did not reach the level of significant difference.Compared with the control FN,the grain yield of straw returning treatments of FNS,HNS and RNS increased by 5.30%,10.93%,11.41%,and the stem yield increased by 8.55%,13.80%,10.55%respectively.The nitrogen partial productivity of RNS treatment was the highest.It indicated that straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer could fertilize the soil and increase crop yield,and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer moving forward combined with straw returning was the best,which could be popularized and applied as a cost-saving,yield-increasing and efficiency-increasing cultivation model in the Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia.
作者
高日平
赵沛义
韩云飞
刘小月
杜二小
高宇
任永峰
李焕春
张鹏
梁广荣
GAO Riping;ZHAO Peiyi;HAN Yunfei;LIU Xiaoyue;DU Erxiao;GAO Yu;REN Yongfeng;LI Huanchun;ZHANG Peng;LIANG Guangrong(School of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010019;Institute of Resources,Environment and Testing Technology,Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Inner Mongolia,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010031;Key Laboratory of Dry Farming,Inner Mongolia,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010031;Inner Mongolia Cultivated Land Conservation Science Observation and Experiment Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 011705;Qingshuihe County Bureau of Agriculture,Animal Husbandry and Science and Technology,Qingshuihe Inner Mongolia 011600)
出处
《现代农业科技》
2020年第19期1-5,共5页
Modern Agricultural Science and Technology
基金
内蒙古科技重大专项(2020ZD0005)
国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0800806)
内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(CXJJ2017N12)
呼和浩特市科技计划项目(2019-农-7)。
关键词
玉米
秸秆还田
氮肥前移
土壤养分
产量
corn
straw returning
forward application of nitrogen fertilizer
soil nutrient
yield
