摘要
真菌是全球生物多样性的重要组成部分,在森林生态系统功能中发挥着重要作用,通过共生-寄生的相互作用影响着动植物的群落结构。高通量测序技术(Roche FLX 454,Illumina MiSeq)的兴起,使得研究人员能够仔细构建真菌群落的生物地理格局和生态效应,极大地促进了人们对真菌功能特征、多样性的理解。文章综述了森林生态系统真菌群落的最新研究进展,分析了真菌群落多样性地理尺度上的变化趋势与驱动因素,并重点关注植被类型与真菌多样性的关系。研究结果发现,地理距离引起的森林类型的变化是影响真菌群落的主要因素之一。在森林生态系统中,海拔梯度的真菌群落多样性存在上升、下降、“单峰”、无显著变化4种模式,且不同森林类型的驱动因素也存在差异。森林土壤真菌群落组成和多样性受到各种土壤特征(pH、C/N)的影响,植被类型对真菌群落的影响方式也存在不确定性。在今后的研究过程中,有必要对较小尺度上真菌群落的分类和功能结构进行更多分析,探讨海拔梯度下优势植被多样性与真菌群落的关系。在植被类型复杂多样的森林生态系统中,对特异性树种、混交林以及林区(从土壤到植物圈)真菌群落的分类和功能结构进行进一步研究。此外,了解驱动元素循环的生物(人类、植物和土壤生物)以及调节其活动的环境条件(气候、土壤理化特性和地形),从而提高我们对真菌群落与生态系统功能的认识,利用功能基因探索真菌群落组成并探索生态系统功能之间的联系。
Fungi is an important part of global biodiversity and plays an important role in the function of forest ecosystems.They affect the community structure of plants and animals through symbiotic-parasitic interactions.With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology(Roche FLX 454,Illumina MiSeq),researchers have been able to carefully explore the biogeographic pattern and ecological effects of constructing fungal communities,which has greatly promoted the understanding of functional characteristics and fungal diversity.In this paper,a review was presented the latest research progress about fungal communities in the forest ecosystem,besides,we analyzed the trends and driving factors of the diverse geographic scales of fungal communities,and focused on the relationship between vegetation types and fungal diversity.It was found that the change of forest type caused by geographical distance was one of the main factors influencing the fungal community.In the forest ecosystem,there were four patterns of elevation gradient fungal community diversity,including increasing,decreasing,“peak”pattern and no significant change,and the driving factors of different forest types were different.The composition and diversity of fungal community in forest soil were influenced by various soil characteristics(pH,C/N),and the influence of vegetation type on fungal community was also uncertain.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the classification and functional structure of fungal communities on a small scale to study the relationship between dominant vegetation diversity and fungal communities along the altitude.More research should be conducted on the classification and functional structure of specific tree species,mixed forests,and fungal communities in forest areas(from soil to flora)in forest ecosystems with complex and diverse vegetation types.In addition,it is necessary to understand the organisms(human,plant,and soil organisms)that drive the elemental cycle and the environmental conditions(climate,soil physicochemical properties,and topography)that regulate their activities to improve our understanding of fungal communities and ecosystem functions,using functional genes to explore the fungal community compositions and explore the links between ecosystem functions.
作者
周煜杰
贾夏
赵永华
卢雅茹
田鸽
刘黎
ZHOU Yujie;JIA Xia;ZHAO Yonghua;LU Yaru;TIAN Ge;LIU Li(College of Land Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation,Xi’an 710054,China;School of Water and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期1703-1712,共10页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31670549,31170664)
自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室开放基金项目(SXDJ2019-03)
中央高校基本科研项目(300102270206,300102278403)。
