摘要
闭塞性细支气管炎(BO)是一种少见的慢性不可逆阻塞性肺病,最终可导致小气道狭窄或阻塞。其主要表现为以通气障碍为主的反复或持续性喘息、气促、咳嗽、呼吸困难等症状。目前,肺活检和组织病理学检查是诊断BO的金标准,胸部高分辨率CT可作为其初步诊断的首选影像学检查。BO的治疗方法主要包括药物治疗、纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗、外科治疗、支持治疗等。其中,药物治疗主要应用糖皮质激素、抗生素、支气管扩张剂、白三烯受体拮抗剂等。外科治疗主要有肺叶切除、肺移植手术,并可以根据患儿临床症状给予氧疗、肺部理疗、丙种球蛋白等支持治疗。未来,应用免疫抑制剂、中药治疗可能会成为BO治疗的新方向。
Bronchiolitis obliterans(BO)is a rare form of chronic,irreversible obstructive pulmonary disease that can eventually result in narrow or blocked small airways.It is mainly manifested as repeated or persistent wheezing,shortness of breath,cough,dyspnea and other symptoms.Lung biopsy and histopathological examination are currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of BO,and high-resolution chest CT is the first choice for the initial diagnosis.Treatment methods of BO mainly include drug therapy,bronchoscope lavage,surgical treatment and supportive treatment.Glucocorticoids,antibiotics,bronchodilators and leukotriene receptor antagonists are mainly used in drug therapy.The main surgical treatments are lobectomy and lung transplantation.And according to the clinical symptoms,the children patients can be given oxygen therapy,pulmonary physiotherapy,gamma globulin and other supportive treatments.In the future,the application of immunosuppressive agents and traditional Chinese medicine may become new directions of BO treatment.
作者
李丹
张玉玲
LI Dan;ZHANG Yuling(Department of Pediatric Medicine,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150001,China)
出处
《医学综述》
2020年第19期3870-3876,共7页
Medical Recapitulate
