摘要
基于历代本草、医籍、方书、经史等各类古代文献,结合近现代相关研究资料,对古代经典名方中所用柑橘属皮用药材的名称、基原、产地、采收加工、炮制历史沿革及变迁情况逐一进行考证,系统梳理了该类药材的历史发展过程,为不同历史时期含该类药材的经典名方开发提供依据。经考证可知,历代橘皮主流基原为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种,但各地根据地理气候条件差异而呈现品种不同的现象。宋代根据橘的采收时间不同而有了青皮、陈皮之分,前者因药性酷烈而常用醋制,又因青皮划成四瓣而称莲花青皮。南北朝起便有橘皮去白的加工方法,宋代称此加工品为橘红,直至明代始将橘红作为单独一味药材列出。橘皮的道地产区在南北朝时期为“东橘”,到唐宋时期推崇浙江温州、闽南地区,明代则开始以广东为道地,清代集中在以广东新会一带为佳。化橘红始于清代,原特指化州所产的橘红,其药性强于普通陈皮,为柚的变种化州柚Citrus grandis var.tomentosa,产量不足时用柚皮代替,因此现化州柚和柚均作为化橘红基原。药材香橼原以“枸橼”为正名被附于《本草经集注》豆蔻条下,《本草图经》将其归于橘柚条下,主流基原均为枸橼Citrus medica,至明代《滇南本草》才将其以香橼之名列出,基原也增加香圆Citrus wilsonii。药材佛手首载于《滇南本草》,其基原Citrus medica var.digitata作为枸橼Citrus medica变种。经典名方中涉及柑橘属皮用药材可依据此考证结论进行选择。
Based on various ancient documents such as herbal,medical books,prescriptions and history,combined with modern research data,this paper makes a study of the name,origin,position,harvesting time,processing methods history and changes of Medicinal Material Pericarps of citrus used in ancient classic prescriptions one by one.This paper systematically combs the historical evolution process of this kind of medicinal materials,and provides the basis for the development of classic prescriptions in different historical periods containing this kind of medicinal materials.It can be seen from the textual research that the main base of orange peel in the past dynasties was Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties in Rutaceae,but different varieties appeared in different places according to their own geographical and climatic conditions.In the Song Dynasty,according to the different collection time of orange,there were Qingpi and Chenpi In terms of skin,the former is often used for vinegar products because of its strong properties,and is called lotus Qingpi because of its four petals of green skin.There was a processing method of removing white orange skin from the north and South Dynasties,and it was called Juhong in Song Dynasty.Until the Ming Dynasty,the original herb listed Juhong as a single medicinal material.In the northern and Southern Dynasties,the real estate area of orange peel praised Dongju.In the Tang and Song Dynasties,Wenzhou and Minnan were praised.In the Ming Dynasty,Guangdong was regarded as the real estate area.In the Qing Dynasty,Xinhui District of Guangdong was the best area.Huajuhong was collected separately in the grass of Qing Dynasty.It originally specifically refers to the Juhong produced in Huazhou,which is stronger than ordinary tangerine peel.It is a variety of pomelo,Citrus grandis var.′Tomentosa′,which was replaced by pomelo peel when the yield was insufficient.Therefore,now Huazhou pomelo and pomelo are used as Huajuhong primordium.The original name of citron was attached to the″nutmeg″in the annotation of Materia Medica,and it was classified as″Juyou″in the atlas of Materia Medica.Citrus medica was the main source of citron,but it was listed in the name of citron in the Ming Dynasty in southern Yunnan Materia Medica,and Citrus wilson was added to Jiyuan.Foshuo was first recorded in the South Yunnan Materia Medica,and its original Citrus medica var.digitata was used as a variety of Citrus medica.The citrus involved in the classic formula can be selected according to the conclusion.
作者
王艺涵
赵佳琛
金艳
张卫
彭华胜
李兵
蔡秋杰
杨洪军
张华敏
詹志来
WANG Yi-han;ZHAO Jia-chen;JIN Yan;ZHANG Wei;PENG Hua-sheng;LI Bing;CAI Qiu-jie;YANG Hong-jun;ZHANG Hua-min;ZHAN Zhi-lai(National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《中国现代中药》
CAS
2020年第8期1185-1200,共16页
Modern Chinese Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401,2017YFC1700805)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
中国中医科学院基本科研业务费(ZZ13-YQ-091)。
关键词
经典名方
柑橘属皮用药材
香橼
佛手
本草考证
classical prescription
medicinal peel of Citrus
citron
Bergamot
textual research of materia medica
