摘要
目前,我国正在普遍推行城乡垃圾分类制度。易腐垃圾是我国生活垃圾的主要成分。因此,实施生活垃圾分类后,城市需要建立易腐垃圾集中和分散就地处理相结合的处理模式,农村也需要就近就地处理易腐垃圾。从技术过程、产物类型和利用途径3个层面,概述了国内外用于就近就地处理主要采用的处理技术;基于规模效应,探讨了小型处理技术与大中型处理技术的差异。根据我国城镇和农村易腐垃圾管理的实际情况,针对各技术的原理、技术设备特点、产物和残余物特征及利用途径、环境污染风险、技术成熟度和处理成本,比较了好氧生化处理机(房)、厌氧消化罐、动物养殖、简易厌氧发酵装置、酵素生产、热干化、热解气化和炭化等代表性技术的优缺点,分析评价了目前这些易腐垃圾就近就地处理应用存在的障碍因素和技术法规需求。
At present,China is generally implementing the system of urban and rural waste separation.The prishable waste is the main component of domestic waste in China.Therefore,after the implementation of domestic waste separation,the perishable waste in the urban areas needs to be treated in centralized facilities and simultaneously in decentralized facilities in the neighborhood or on site.Also in the rural areas,perishable waste need to be treated in decentralized facilities.This paper summarizes the main treatment technologies used in treatment in the neighborhood or on-site at home and abroad from three aspects of technology process,products and product application.Discussing the difference between small processing technology and large processing technology based on scale effect.According to the status of perishable waste management in the urban and rural areas in China,specific to the principle of each technology,characteristics of technical equipment,characteristics and utilization ways of products and residues,environmental pollution risk,technology maturity and treatment cost,the advantages and disadvantages of typical technologies including aerobic degradation machine or facility,industrial anaerobic digestor,animal farming,simplified anaerobic digestor,enzyme production,thermal drying,pyrolysis and gasification,carbonization are compared.Analyzed and evaluated the obstacle factors and technical regulatory requirements of perishable waste treated in the neighborhood or on site.
作者
吕凡
章骅
郝丽萍
邵立明
何品晶
LüFan;Zhang Hua;Hao Liping;Shao Liming;He Pinjing(Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Shanghai 200092)
出处
《环境卫生工程》
2020年第5期1-7,共7页
Environmental Sanitation Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100600)。
关键词
易腐垃圾
垃圾分类
城乡生活垃圾
就近处理
就地处理
生物处理技术
热化学处理技术
perishable waste
waste separation
municipal solid waste
treatment in the neighborhood
on-site treatment
biological technology
thermochemical technology
