摘要
鱼菜共生(Aquaponics)是利用水产养殖排放水为植物提供营养,由一种氮源(鱼饲料)生产两种农产品(鱼和蔬菜),具有水和氮源利用效率高、不使用化肥和抗生素、对环境友好等特点,是一种可持续的农业发展方式。将鱼菜共生的发展历史进程分为理念起源阶段(1970年之前)、萌芽阶段(1970—1990年)、全球拓展阶段(1990—2010年)以及快速发展阶段(2010年至今)4个阶段。分析了鱼菜共生3种典型模式;提出了鱼菜共生系统构建向解耦类型发展,系统布局向城镇化、立体化发展,硬件设施向生态型、智能化发展的3个主要发展趋势;提出了加强氮磷转化机制研究、建立系统理论模型、加强人工智能技术应用和加强商业规模系统研究4条发展建议。
Aquaponics is a technology which uses aquaculture effluent to provide nutrients for plants.It produces two crops(fish and plants)from one nitrogen source(fish feed),with such characteristics as efficient use of water and nitrogen sources,no use of fertilizers and antibiotics,and environmental friendliness,which make it a sustainable way of agricultural development.This paper divides the historical process of aquaponics into four stages:the origin stage(before 1970),the beginning stage(1970-1990),the global expansion stage(1990-2010)and the rapid growth stage(2010-present),analyzes three typical systems of aquaponics,proposes the three main developing trends of aquaponics:system construction towards uncoupled,system layout towards urbanized and three-dimensional and hardware facility towards ecological and intelligent,and puts forward four suggestions for development:strengthening the research on the transformation mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus,building a theoretical model of the system,strengthening the application of artificial intelligence technology,and strengthening the research on commercial-scale systems.
作者
徐琰斐
张宇雷
顾川川
刘晃
倪琦
XU Yanfei;ZHANG Yulei;GU Chuanchuan;LIU Huang;NI Qi(Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 200092,China)
出处
《渔业现代化》
CSCD
2020年第5期1-7,共7页
Fishery Modernization
基金
中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所基本科研业务费(2017YJS009)
中国水产科学研究院科技创新团队项目(2020TD78)。
关键词
鱼菜共生
循环水养殖
水耕栽培
历史进程
发展趋势
aquaponics
recirculating aquaculture
hydroponics
historical process
developing trends
