摘要
【目的】试验了3种高效低水溶性农药对茶小绿叶蝉的防治效果,并分析了茶小绿叶蝉不同为害时期对茶叶生化成分的影响,为及时采取强采措施提供依据。【方法】以强采、不防治作为对照,选用24%虫螨腈、15%茚虫威、22%噻虫·高氯氟3种低水溶性农药并设置3个施用浓度,试验其对茶小绿叶蝉的防治效果;采摘受害茶叶新梢并分析其主要生化成分含量的变化。【结果】正常茶叶与茶小绿叶蝉危害茶叶的主要生化成分存在差异,茶多酚、咖啡碱、可溶性糖含量呈先上升后下降趋势,氨基酸、水分含量呈下降趋势,其中受害茶叶氨基酸含量下降22.7%,达显著差异;受害茶叶随受害等级增加,茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、可溶性糖、水分含量均呈下降趋势;药后1 d不同处理防效从高到低依次为24%虫螨腈>强采>22%噻虫·高氯氟>15%茚虫威,其中24%虫螨腈的防效差异显著,防治效果均在85%以上;15%茚虫威和22%噻虫·高氯氟药后1 d防治效果呈先降后升的趋势,分别在药后7 d(48.73%)、3 d(26.19%)达到最低峰,药后21 d(90.74%、83.80%)达到最高峰;茶小绿叶蝉虫口发生数量与采茶次数呈明显负相关。【结论】茶叶受害程度1级时宜采用强采措施进行防控,新梢失水程度轻,酚氨比较低,宜采制绿茶;茶叶受害2~3级时宜采用强采+24%虫螨腈,新梢叶质硬脆,酚氨比高,宜采制红茶。
【Objective】The control effects of three low water-soluble pesticides on tea leafhoppers were tested,and the effects of tea leafhoppers on the biochemical components of tea during different damage periods were analyzed so as to provide a basis for taking strong picking measures in a timely manner.【Method】Taking strong picking and no control as control,three kinds of low water-soluble pesticides of 24%chlorfenapyr,15%indoxacarb,and 22%thiamethoxam+lambdacyhalothrin were selected and three application concentrations were designed to test their control effects on tea leafhoppers.And the young shoots of damaged tea leaves were picked to analyze the change of their main biochemical contents.【Result】There were differences in the main biochemical components of normal tea and the tea damaged by tea leafhoppers.The contents of tea polyphenols,caffeine,and soluble sugar showed an upward trend and then a downward trend.The contents of amino acids and moisture showed a downward trend,of which the content of amino acids decreased by 22.7%,reaching significant difference.With the increase in the level of damage,the contents of tea polyphenols,amino acids,caffeine,soluble sugar,and moisture all showed a downward trend.After treatment for 1d,the effects of different treatments(from high to low)showed as:24%chlorfenapyr>strong picking>22%thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin>15%indoxacarb,where the difference in the efficacy of 24%chlorfenapyr reached a significant level,and the effect was greater than 85%.The prevention and treatment effects of 15%indoxacarb and 22%thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing after treatment for 1 d.The lowest peaks reached at the 7th day(48.73%)and the 3rd day(26.19%)after drug application,and the highest peaks reached at the 21st day(90.74%,83.80%)after drug application.The occurance number of tea leafhoppers showed a significantly negative correlation with picking frequency.【Conclusion】When the damage level of tea is Grade 1,it is better to adopt strong picking measures for prevention and control.The water loss of new shoots is light,and the phenol-ammonia ratio is relatively low.It is suitable to pick and produce green tea;When the damage level is Grade 2-3,it is suggested to take strong picking and 24%chlorfenapyr,and leaf quality of young shoots is crisp with high phenol-ammonia ratio,which is suitable for the production of black tea.
作者
刘嘉裕
黎健龙
周波
陈义勇
廖侦成
唐颢
LIU Jiayu;LI Jianlong;ZHOU Bo;CHEN Yiyong;LIAO Zhencheng;TANG Hao(Tea Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Tree Resources Innovation and Utilization,Guangzhou 510640,China;Qingyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Service Center/Qingyuan Agricultural Science Research Institute,Qingyuan 511500,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2020年第9期88-93,共6页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200900)
广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(农业科技能力提升)(403-2018-XMZC-0002-90)
博罗县2018年精品特色有机农业发展与推广项目。
关键词
茶小绿叶蝉
生化成分
虫口密度
低水溶性农药
茶叶品质
tea leafhopper
biochemical components
insect density
low water-soluble pesticide
tea quality
