摘要
基于亚热带山地土壤发生、性状分异和土壤分布规律存在模糊不清楚等问题,以浙江省山地土壤为例,从脱硅富铁铝化作用的多维度表现、影响红化和黄化作用发生的主要因子、成土环境随时间的变化对土壤发生学性状的可能影响等方面探讨亚热带山地土壤发生学性状垂直变化的复杂性。分析表明,虽然目前亚热带山地生物气候和植被有明显的垂直分异特点,但因土壤形成同时受与海拔关联的现代气候垂直变化及地形演变引起的相对成土时间空间差异的综合影响,土壤性状和土壤类型在垂直方向变化较为复杂。受当今成土环境影响的一些发生学性状可随海拔高度呈现有规律的变化,但也有许多发生学性状因同时受古环境或古地形的影响并没有呈现随海拔有规律的变化。垂直带谱中红壤(土类)与黄壤(土类)在发生学性状上不存在明显的分界。分析认为,亚热带垂直基带红壤亚类的成土历程可能与山体上部的黄红壤亚类、黄壤亚类存在差异。土壤颜色与风化强度不一定有关,其既受土壤成土历史的影响,同时也受目前土壤水分和植被覆盖状况的影响。分析认为,仅仅依据目前成土环境的差异来分析亚热带垂直带的土壤形成,难以全面认识垂直带上的土壤分异规律。
Based on the problems about the ambiguity of soil genesis, character differentiation and soil distribution in subtropical mountainous areas, this paper takes mountain soil in Zhejiang as an example, and discusses the complexity of vertical variation of genetic characteristics from multidimensional manifestation of desilication, main factors affecting the occurrence of soil reddening and yellowing, and the possible effects of the soil-forming environment change with time on soil genesis. Although there are obvious vertical differentiation in the biological climate and vegetation in subtropical mountainous areas at present, the changes of soil properties and soil types are more complex in the vertical direction because soil formation is comprehensively influenced by both vertical variation of modern climate associated with elevation and temporal and spatial differences of relative soil age caused by topographic evolution. Some of the genetic characteristics affected by the present soil-forming environment could change regularly with altitude, but many of them do not change regularly with altitude due to the influence of paleoenvironment or paleotopography.There is no obvious distinction in the genetic characteristics between red soil group and yellow soil group in the vertical band spectrum. It is concluded that the formation process of red soil subgroup in the subtropical vertical basal zone may be different from those of yellow red soil subgroup and yellow soil group in the upper part of the mountain. Soil color, which is affected not only by the history of soil formation, but also by the current status of soil moisture and vegetation cover, is not necessarily related to weathering intensity. It is difficult to fully understand soil distribution law and soil formation in the subtropical vertical zone by only analyzing the difference of the current soil-forming environments.
作者
章明奎
Zhang Mingkui(College of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2020年第23期66-73,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家科技基础性工作专项项目“我国土系调查与《中国土系志(中西部卷)》编制”(2014FY110200)。
关键词
亚热带
山地土壤
垂直分异
成土特点
环境变化
相对年龄
subtropical zone
mountain soil
vertical differentiation
soil-forming characteristics
environmental change
relative age
