摘要
熔铸炸药是应用最为广泛的军用混合炸药,其性能与载体炸药的选用密切相关。综述了熔铸载体炸药的国内外现状,简要介绍了以2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)为代表的13种早期合成的熔铸载体炸药(如2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)等)的物理化学性质与爆轰性能,并分析其优缺点。详细介绍了近十年新合成的包括硝酸酯类、硝基类、硝胺类、叠氮类等16种潜在的熔铸载体炸药(如3,3′-联(1,2,4-噁二唑)-5,5′-二甲基硝酸酯(BOM)等)的合成方法、物理化学性质与爆轰性能,分析了其性能优劣及实际应用所面临的问题等,讨论了分子不同主体结构和官能团对化合物性能的影响,认为今后的重点研究方向为进一步提升分子结构对炸药性能影响的认识,设计并合成出综合性能优异的新型熔铸载体炸药,以满足熔铸炸药应用要求。
As the most widely used military composite explosive,the performance of melt-cast explosives is closely related to the choice of carrier explosive.The current research advances of melt-cast explosives were reviewed.The physicochemical properties and detonation performances of 13 representative melt-cast carrier explosives(such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT),2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN),etc)were discussed.The molecular structures,synthesis methods,physicochemical properties and detonation performances of 16 newly synthesized melt-cast explosives were introduced(such as bis(1,2,4-oxadiazole)bis(methylene)dinitrate(BOM),etc).Their advantages and shortcomings as melt-cast explosives were analyzed.The effects of different functional groups and molecular structures on the properties of the compounds were discussed.The future development direction of melt-cast carrier explosive is to understand the effects of molecular structure on performance of explosives,and to design and synthesize a series of new compounds with excellent comprehensive performance,in order to meet the application requirements of melt-cast explosives.
作者
陈方
刘玉存
王毅
张庆华
CHEN Fang;LIU Yu-cun;WANG Yi;ZHANG Qing-hua(School of Environment and Safety Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;Institute of Chemical Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621999,China)
出处
《含能材料》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期1109-1119,I0006,共12页
Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(21702195)。
关键词
熔铸载体炸药
合成
性能
分子结构
melt-cast carrier explosive
synthesis
performance
molecular structure
