摘要
目的分析四川省法定传染病流行趋势和流行特征,探讨疾病谱变化,为防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对四川省2010-2019年间报告的法定传染病病例进行分析。地图采用Arcgis 10.2软件进行制作,R 4.0用于数据分析。结果2010-2019年四川省法定传染病年均发病率为385.78/10万,年均死亡率为2.78/10万。2010-2019年四川省法定传染病发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势,丙类发病主导着法定传染病发病趋势,甲乙类死亡主导着法定传染病的死亡趋势。发病率位居前列的病种为手足口病(90.85/10万)、肺结核(69.63/10万)、乙肝(53.98/10万)、其它感染性腹泻病(40.00/10万)和梅毒(29.79/10万),死亡率位居前列的病种为艾滋病(2.42/10万)、肺结核(0.21/10万)、狂犬病(0.05/10万)。发病率明显上升的病种包括手足口病、艾滋病、流行性感冒、梅毒和丙肝,发病率明显下降的病种包括肺结核、乙肝和痢疾。血源及性传播传染病发病率最高且呈现波动上升趋势,呼吸道和肠道传染病发病率呈下降趋势,自然疫源及虫媒传染病一直维持在较低发病水平。2010-2019年四川省法定传染病月分布主要由丙类传染病月分布主导,发病高峰为4-7月及10月-次年1月;病例数主要集中在5岁以下及20~64岁年龄组,男性高于女性,发病人群以农民、儿童、学生为主;发病率较高地区集中在川西及中部地区,甲乙类发病率较高地区集中在凉山州、甘孜州和阿坝州,丙类发病率较高地区集中在川中,尤其是成都市。结论甲乙类传染病的高死亡率和丙类传染病的高发病率是四川省近年来的防控重点,应加强血源及性传播传染病的防控,关注发病率较高和增长较快病种,根据病种不同发病特点,采取综合防治的措施。
Objective To study the epidemic trend and epidemiological characteristics of legal infectious diseases in Sichuan,to discuss the changes of disease spectrum and to provide the scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategy.Methods Description epidemiology analysis was conducted to analyze the data of reported cases of notifiable infectious diseases in Sichuan province from 2010 to 2019.We used Arcgis 10.2 to draw maps.R 4.0 was used to analyze data.Results The average annual morbidity of notifiable infectious diseases in 2011-2019 was 385.78/105 and the average annual mortality was 2.78/105.The morbidity and mortality both showed uptrend,the morbidity of category C diseases led the morbidity trend of notifiable infectious diseases,and the mortality of category A and B diseases led the mortality trend of notifiable infectious diseases.The high morbidity of diseases were hand,foot and mouth disease(90.85/105),tuberculosis(69.63/105),hepatitis B(53.98/105),other infectious diarrhoeal diseases(40.00/105)and syphilis(29.79/105),the high mortality of diseases were AIDS(2.42/105),tuberculosis(0.21/105),rabies(0.05/105).The diseases with a significant increase in morbidity were hand,foot and mouth disease,AIDS,influenza,syphilis and hepatitis C,and the diseases with a significant decrease were tuberculosis,hepatitis B and dysentery.Blood and sexually transmitted disease was the highest morbidity infectious disease and showed a uptrend,respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases both showed downtrend,natural foci and vector-borne disease maintained at a low level.The monthly distribution of legal infectious diseases in Sichuan province from 2010 to 2019 was dominated by the monthly distribution of category C notifiable disease,the peak incidence were from April to July and October to January of the following year;Cases were mainly concentrated in the age groups of under-5 years old and 20~64 years old;Male was higher than female,the cases were mainly farmers,children and students;The high morbidity areas were concentrated in western and central areas of Sichuan,the high morbidity areas of category A and B notifiable diseases were Liangshan,Ganzi and Aba those three prefectures,and the high morbidity areas of category C were concentrated in central Sichuan,especially in Chengdu.Conclusion The high mortality of category A and B notifiable disease and the high morbidity of category C notifiable disease are the key points for the prevention and control in Sichuan in recent years,prevention and control of Blood and sexually transmitted disease should be strengthened,we should concern the infectious diseases with high morbidity and a significant increase,according to the characteristics of different diseases,comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken.
作者
李羚
李蔚
彭艳秋
杜飞
许军红
张云娜
刘润友
吕强
蔺鸿
LI Ling;LI Wei;PENG Yanqiu;DU Fei;XU Junhong;ZHANG Yunna;LIU Runyou;LV Qiang;LIN Hong(Sichuan Center For Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China)
出处
《职业卫生与病伤》
2020年第5期292-300,共9页
Occupational Health and Damage
关键词
法定传染病
疫情
流行特征
legal infectious diseases
epidemic situation
epidemiological characteristics
