摘要
在矿山开采和金属冶炼过程中产生的尾矿、冶炼渣等固体废弃物堆积,已成为矿区环境保护、生产生活安全方面的主要问题。矿区典型的污染包括铅锌、铬、镉、锰及砷等污染,对矿区的地下水、土壤及人民健康造成了极大的威胁。充填采矿法不仅能够有效解决尾矿大宗固废的处置问题,而且胶结充填材料对矿区固废的重金属污染起到固定化作用。目前,国内外的研究重点多集中在材料的充填性能和胶凝机理上,针对其重金属溶出、对重金属的固定化机理等基础研究尚不充分。本文提出了矿区典型的污染物种类,综述了其充填胶凝固定化研究进展,通过分析目前存在的问题,对充填胶凝材料发展做出展望。本研究将为我国充填胶凝材料研究人员、有关部门管理者提供参考。
The accumulation of solid waste such as tailings,smelting slag and mined-out areas caused by mining and smelting of mines has become the main problems in environmental protection,production and life safety in mining area.Typical pollution in mining areas includes lead-zinc,chromium,cadmium,manganese and arsenic pollution,which poses a great threat to groundwater,soil and health.Filling mining method is a new mining technology,which can not only effectively solve the problem of goaf collapse,but also immobilize the heavy metal by fill materials.At present,the reported studies mainly focus on the filling properties and gelation mechanism of filling cementitious material.However,the basic researches on the dissolution behavior and the immobilization mechanism of heavy metals are not enough yet.In this paper,the pollution features,dissolution behavior and migration mechanism of the typical contaminants in mining area,such as the lead,zinc,arsenic,chromium,cadmium,manganese and other harmful substances are presented.Through the ways of wastewater emission,atmospheric deposition,surface runoff,leaching,soil infiltration,the contaminant pollutes the atmosphere,water and soil around the mining area in the form of acid wastewater,waste gas or solid waste.The research progress on filling and immobilization of cementitious materials based on the solid waste from mining area,such as lead-zinc slag,blast furnace slag,chromium-containing slag,metal mine tailings are reviewed.The immobilization mechanism of harmful substances on the cementitious materials based on the solid waste from mining area is related to a series of physical and chemical behaviors,such as adsorption,precipitation,ions exchange,physical coating.However,the current study on the immobilization mechanism for harmful substances on filling cementitious materials is not enough yet.Aiming at the present study and existing problems,prospects for the development of filling cementitious materials was put forward.The further study on filling cementitious materials could focus on the following aspects:Dissolution regulation and mechanism of heavy metals in tailings,smelting slag and cementitious materials,immobilization performance for harmful substances on cementitious materials based on solid waste,chemical composition,structure,reaction mechanism,relationship between product and solidified harmful substances,the effect on microstructure by harmful substance.This article could provide reference for the researchers and government officials for the development of filling cementitious materials.
作者
那华
吕国诚
张丹
王丽娟
廖立兵
郭利杰
孔令常
武丽娟
卞健华
NA Hua;Lü Guocheng;ZHANG Dan;WANG Lijuan;LIAO Libing;GUO Lijie;KONGLingchang;WU Lijuan;BIAN Jianhua(School of Materials Science and Technology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 110160,China)
出处
《黄金科学技术》
CSCD
2020年第5期646-657,共12页
Gold Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“基于有色冶炼渣的绿色充填胶凝材料制备及其性能合作研究”(编号:2017YFE0107000)
国家自然科学基金重点项目“多金属矿山尾矿渗滤液复杂污染物的原位修复及机理研究”(编号:41831288)联合资助。
关键词
矿区
固体废弃物
典型污染
充填胶凝材料
重金属固定化
mining area
solid waste
typical pollution
filling cementitious material
heavy metal immobilization
