摘要
【目的】定量分析全国范围内秸秆还田对3种粮食作物的产量效应,为秸秆还田技术的大面积推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】本研究搜集了公开发表的相关文献274篇(截至2019年12月31日),整理了1930组秸秆还田处理与秸秆不还田处理的农作物产量数据。运用整合分析(meta-analysis)方法(主要分析过程包括计算效应值、异质性检验、meta亚组分析、发表偏倚性检验),明确了秸秆还田对3种粮食作物产量的综合效应,进而量化分析了试验区域、年均气温、年均降雨量、土壤质地、土壤酸碱性、作物种类、种植制度、耕作方式、施肥模式、还田年限及秸秆还田量对秸秆还田增产效应的影响。【结果】与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田显著提高了3种粮食作物产量,平均增产率约为8.06%(95%CI:7.52%—8.60%),分析结果不存在发表偏倚。东南地区秸秆还田增产率最高,达到9.37%(95%CI:8.11%—10.64%);年平均气温为5—10℃、年平均降雨量超过1200 mm时,秸秆还田的增产效应较高;在黏土、壤土及砂土3种土壤质地中,秸秆还田的增产率分别为8.13%(95%CI:6.80%—9.49%)、9.04%(95%CI:8.06%—10.01%)、6.96%(95%CI:5.18%—8.77%);在弱酸性(pH<6.5)土壤中,秸秆还田的增产率较高。在小麦、玉米、水稻3种作物中,秸秆还田对玉米的增产率达到9.22%(95%CI:8.38%—10.05%);翻耕与免耕是最能发挥秸秆还田增产效应的耕作方式,增产率分别为11.05%(95%CI:10.05%—12.05%)、8.98%(95%CI:7.21%—10.79%)。不施肥时,秸秆还田显著提高农作物产量,增产率达到25.66%(95%CI:22.04%—29.38%),增产率显著高于正常施肥时的8.08%(95%CI:7.50%—8.68%),但整体的产量水平较低。秸秆还田的增产率达到9.56%(95%CI:8.21%—10.93%),且还田年限超过20年时增产效应显著提高(增产率为15.42%,95%CI:11.05%—19.95%)。此外,最适宜的秸秆还田量为半量还田(增产率为9.09%,95%CI:7.41%—10.79%)。【结论】秸秆还田能够显著提高粮食作物产量,在不同的农业生产区以免耕或翻耕作业配合正常的施肥模式、适宜的秸秆还田量长期还田能够保持农作物的持续增产。
【Objective】In order to provide scientific grounds for the implementation of grain crop straw return,this study quantified the yield effect of straw return.【Method】It was collected and sorted out the published Chinese literatures in the past 30 years(a total of 274 piece of literature and 1930 pairs data until December 31,2019).By using meta-analysis method,the comprehensive effect of straw returning on crop yield was clarified with the main analysis process,included calculation of effect value,heterogeneity test,meta-subgroup analysis and publication bias test.And then,the effects under different experiment region,average annual temperature,average annual precipitation,soil texture,soil pH,crop type,planting system,tillage method,fertilization method,experiment duration and return amount was further quantitatively analyzed.【Result】Compared with straw remove,straw return significantly increased crop yield,and the average increasing rate was about 8.06%,with a 95%confidence interval of 7.52%-8.60%.No publication bias was found in the result.The yield effect was the highest in the southeastern region,reaching 9.37%(95%CI:8.11%-10.64%).The straw-return effect was higher when the average annual temperature was 5-10°C and the average annual precipitation is more than 1200 mm.In different soil texture,the yield effect of straw return was 8.13%in clay(95%CI:6.80%-9.49%),9.04%in loam(95%CI:8.06%-10.01%)and 6.96%in sandy soils(95%CI:5.18%-8.77%),respectively.Among the three types of grain crops,namely,wheat,corn,and rice,the increase rate of yield on maize reached 9.22%(95%CI:8.38%-10.05%)by straw returning.Plowing and no-till was the best tillage methods exerting the yield effect of straw returning,the increasing rate of yield were 11.05%(95%CI:10.05%-12.05%)and 8.98%(95%CI:7.21%-10.79%),respectively.When the straw was returned to the field without fertilization,the crop yield was significantly increased with an increase rate of 25.66%(95%CI:22.04%-29.38%),which was significantly higher than that of 8.08%(95%CI:7.50%-8.68%)under normal fertilization,but the overall yield level was lower.The yield increase rate of straw mulching reached 9.56%and the yield increase effect of straw mulching over 20 years was significantly increased(yield increase rate:15.42%,95%CI:11.05%-19.95%).In addition,the most suitable amount of straw was half of the ex-crop(increase rate of yield was 9.09%,95%CI:7.41%-10.79%).【Conclusion】Straw return could significantly increase crop yield in different agricultural production areas.Furthermore,the long-term implication of crop straw with no-till or plowing tillage,normal fertilization and appropriate amount,could maintain continuous increase in crop yield.
作者
杨竣皓
骆永丽
陈金
金敏
王振林
李勇
YANG JunHao;LUO YongLi;CHEN Jin;JIN Min;WANG ZhenLin;LI Yong(Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai’an 271018,Shandong)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第21期4415-4429,共15页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301001,2016YFD0300400)。
