摘要
本试验以气象站常用的20 cm蒸发皿的蒸发量(Ep-20)来设计不同灌水量,从生育状况、产量和品质探究了东北地区春、秋两季茬口温室番茄适宜的水-炭管理模式以及利用蒸发皿制定滴灌制度的可行性。试验为裂区试验设计,主因素为灌水量,分3个水平:0.6Ep-20(W1)、0.8Ep-20(W2)和1.0Ep-20(W3);副因素为生物炭量,分3个水平:0(B0)、20t·hm^-2(B1)和40 t·hm^-2(B2)。结果表明:种植季节对番茄整体状况的影响很大;施加高量生物炭(B2)可以改善春季茬口番茄株高生长缓慢和秋季茬口番茄生理状况、产量及品质较差的现象,并且可以提高春季茬口番茄的产量和品质以及两季茬口的灌溉水利用效率(IWUE);灌水量和生物炭量的增加对番茄的生育状况和产量都产生正向影响;在相同施炭量条件下,当灌水量超过W2水平时,随着灌水量的增加,产量增加不显著且番茄品质下降;最优水-炭管理组合W2B2相较于对照处理W3B0,在春、秋两季茬口减少灌水量20%的条件下,产量分别增加15.6%和20.5%,IWUE分别提升44.5%和50.7%,口感接受度分别提升8.2%和4.5%。本试验利用春、秋两季茬口的每日蒸发皿蒸发量分别与参考作物蒸发蒸腾量和作物耗水量进行分析,均得到极显著的线性相关关系,可将W2B2组合选定为温室番茄适宜的年度水-炭管理模式,该结果可为东北地区日光温室番茄种植提供参考。
We assessed water-biochar management mode in terms of tomato growth,yield and quality in solar greenhouse under different irrigation amounts based on 20-cm pan evaporation(Ep-20)in spring and autumn crop in Northeast China.We further tested the feasibility of using the 20-cm pan to develop a drip irrigation scheduling.A split plot experiment was conducted,with irrigation amount as the main factor and biochar amount as the secondary factor.There were three irrigation levels of 0.6 Ep-20(W1),0.8 Ep-20(W2)and 1.0 Ep-20(W3)and three biochar application levels of 0(B0),20 t·hm^-2(B1)and 40 t·hm^-2(B2).The results showed that planting season affected the overall condition of the tomato plants.Application of high biochar amount(B2)ameliorated the phenomenon of slow growth of tomato plant height in spring cropping and the poor physiological condition,yield and quality of tomato in autumn cropping,and increased the yield and quality of tomato in spring cropping and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)in both seasons.Increased irrigation and biochar application amount had positive effects on tomato growth and yield.Under the same biochar amount,when the irrigation amount exceeded the W2 level,tomato yield did not change and tomato quality decreased with increasing irrigation amount.Under the condition of 20%reduction of irrigation in spring and autumn croppingcompared to the control treatment W3 B0,treatment W2 B2(the suitable water-biochar management)increased yield by 15.6%and 20.5%,IWUE by 44.5%and 50.7%,and taste acceptability by 8.2%and 4.5%,respectively.The daily 20-cm pan evaporation in spring and autumn cropping was significantly correlated with both the reference crop evapotranspiration and crop water consumption.Our results showed that the W2 B2 is a suitable year-round water-biochar management mode for solar greenhouse tomato.Our results can provide a reference for tomato cultivation in solar greenhouses in Northeast China.
作者
姜展博
王丽学
李明阳
孟维忠
陈伟
JIANG Zhan-bo;WANG Li-xue;LI Ming-yang;MENG Wei-zhong;CHEN Wei(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Shenyang 110003,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第10期3521-3530,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
2019年度辽宁省自然基金指导计划项目(2019-ZD-0705)资助。
