摘要
随着工业化进程的加快,综合性能高的材料愈发受到国内外学者的青睐。镁合金作为最轻的结构件材料且具有比强度和比刚度高等优势,在汽车、航天航空等领域受到越来越多的关注。当采用传统铸造和压铸工艺批量化生产镁合金时,由于存在铸造过程中常见的缺陷,其综合性能受限,往往不能满足工业生产的需求。而通过轧制既能实现镁合金板材连续化生产,也能在一定程度上提高其综合性能。但是,由于镁合金属于密排六方体的特殊晶体结构材料,独立滑移系相比体心立方和面心立方的晶体结构材料少,导致镁合金板材在轧制变形过程中的成形性差,也导致镁合金板材轧后的成形性差,主要体现在:(1)轧制过程中板材极易发生边裂;(2)轧后板材的延伸率、强度提升不显著;(3)轧后不易获得高强度、高塑性的板材。目前国内外研究者主要通过三类(九种)轧制工艺方式来提高镁合金板材的成形性:(1)高速轧制,在线热轧,立轧,交叉轧制-抑制边裂;(2)异步轧制,交叉辊轧制,等径角轧制-附加剪切力轧制,弱化基面织构;(3)累积叠轧,衬板轧制-细化晶粒,提高强度的同时获得高塑性。本文主要从镁合金板材的边裂抑制、基面织构弱化、晶粒细化为出发点,以提高镁合金成形性为研究方向,综述了上述九种轧制工艺方式对镁合金板材微观组织、织构演变和变形机制的影响,实现了对镁合金板材上述性能缺点的优化,提高了其成形性。同时对未来轧制变形镁合金的研究方向进行了展望,为得到无边裂、高强高塑镁合金板材提供了参考。
With the acceleration of industrialization,materials with high comprehensive performance are increasingly favored by domestic and foreign researchers.Magnesium alloy is the lightest structural material and has the advantages of high specific strength and stiffness,it has attracted more and more attention in the fields of vehicle,aerospace and other fields.When the traditional casting and die casting processes are used to produce magnesium alloy,its comprehensive properties are limited due to the common defects in the casting process,which often fail to meet the requirements of industrial production.Continuous production of magnesium alloy plates can be achieved through rolling and the comprehensive properties of magnesium alloy plates can be improved.However,as magnesium alloy is a special crystal structure material with hexagonal close pack,the independent slip system is less than other crystal structure materials with body centered cubic and face centered cubic,which leads to the poor formability of magnesium alloy plates in the rolling deformation process and after rolling,which is mainly reflected in:(1)edge crack is easy to occur in the rolling process;(2)after rolling,the elongation and strength properties of the plates are not significantly improved;(3)after rolling,it is not easy to obtain the plates with excellent combination of high strength and high plastic properties.At present,domestic and foreign researchers mainly improve the formability of magnesium alloy plates by three kinds of nine rolling processes:(1)high speed rolling,on-line heating rolling,vertical rolling,cross rolling-suppress edge cracking;(2)differential speed rolling,cross-roll rolling,equal channel angular rolling-additional shear force for rolling weakens the basal texture;(3)accumulative roll bonding,hard-plate rolling-fine grain,improve strength and obtain high plasticity.The paper mainly from the magnesium alloy plates edge crack suppression,weakening basal texture,grain refinement as a starting point,in order to improve the formability of magnesium alloy as the research direction,the effects of the above nine rolling processes on microstructure,texture evolution and deformation mechanism of magnesium alloy plates and the defect of magnesium alloy plates were optimized and the formability was improved.Meanwhile,the research direction of the future rolling deformation of magnesium alloy is prospected,which provides a reference for obtaining the magnesium alloy plate with no edge crack,high strength and high plastic alloy plates.
作者
赵磊杰
马立峰
韩廷状
范沁红
ZHAO Leijie;MA Lifeng;HAN Tingzhuang;FAN Qinhong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Heavy Machinery Engineering Research Center of the Ministry Education,Taiyan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第21期21135-21145,共11页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金-联合基金(U1610253)
山西省重点研发计划(201603D111004)
山西省“1331工程”重点学科建设计划经费
山西省专利推广实施资助专项。
关键词
镁合金
轧制工艺
边裂
织构
成形性能
magnesium alloy
rolling process
edge cracks
texture
formability
