摘要
缺乏核心技术,一直是我国产业创新和国际竞争的"软肋"和"瓶颈"。主流创新理论和技术追赶理论专门研究产业核心技术演化机理的文献十分匮乏,国内创新研究领域对我国产业核心技术突破还缺乏系统总结和高质量研究文献。中国高铁从无到有,是后发国家产业赶超发达国家的典范。与汽车等制造业大而不强不同,中国高铁产业不仅里程数绝对领先世界,而且在诸多核心技术领域也实现了突破或赶超。但目前学术界对我国高铁产业核心技术演化、突破路径及机制的系统研究还十分匮乏。本文通过我国高铁三个企业的三项核心技术突破过程的纵向案例实证分析,发现中国高铁核心技术经历了从功能性核心技术到性能性核心技术再到可靠性核心技术的演化路径;在核心技术突破过程中,逆向学习和正向学习都发挥重要作用,不同核心技术突破阶段匹配不同学习模式。本研究揭示中国高铁产业核心技术演化路径与机制,充实了技术演化的微观机理研究,深化了中国情境下的技术追赶研究,丰富了后发国家技术创新理论研究。同时,本研究对于我国企业及政府认识产业核心技术演化规律、优化核心技术对策与机制、以及突破美国等西方国家的核心技术封锁具有重要的现实意义。
Lack of core technologies has long been the weakness and bottleneck for China′s industrial innovation and international competition. Mainstream innovation and technology catch-up theory is very lacking in the literature dedicated to studying the evolution mechanism of industry core technology. Previous domestic studies of China′s industry core technology still lack systematic summary and high-quality research. China′s high-speed rail industry developed from nothing is what latter countries can learn to catch up with the developed countries. Unlike the big but not powerful automobile industry and other manufacturing industries, China′s high-speed rail industry has not only absolutely become ahead of the world in mileage, but also achieved breakthrough or catch-up in many core technology areas. So far, however, the evolution, breakthrough path and mechanism of China′s high-speed rail industry core technology have still not been systematically studied. Based on the longitudinal multi-case empirical analysis of the three core technology breakthrough processes of three enterprises in China′s high-speed rail industry, this paper finds that China′s high-speed rail industry core technology has experienced the evolutionary path from functional core technology to performance core technology then to reliability core technology;in the process of core technology breakthrough, reverse learning and forward learning both play an important role, while different core technology breakthrough stages match different learning models. This study reveals the path and mechanism of China′s high-speed rail industry core technology evolution, enriches the research on the micro-mechanism of technology evolution, deepens the technology catch-up theory in the Chinese context, and enriches the theoretical research on technology innovation in the developing countries. At the same time, this study is of great practical significance for Chinese enterprises and governments to understand the laws of industry core technology evolution, optimize core technology countermeasures and mechanisms, and break through the core technology blockade from the United States and other western countries.
作者
李显君
熊昱
冯堃
Li Xianjun;Xiong Yu;Feng Kun(School of Vehicle and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《科研管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第10期1-10,共10页
Science Research Management
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目:“核心技术突破路径与机制:来自中国汽车及高铁产业的实证”(71572093,2016.01—2019.12)。
关键词
中国高铁
核心技术
突破路径
突破机制
案例研究
China′s high-speed rail
core technology
breakthrough path
breakthrough mechanism
case study
