摘要
在我国,位处基层的街头官僚充满了创新活力,源于街头层面的政策创新也在各个领域遍地开花。通过串联政策企业家与街头官僚的理论节点,构建了街头官僚推动政策创新的"多重动机-工具选择-层级窗口"分析框架,并借助对基层卫生服务创新案例的深描,清晰呈现了街头官僚的创新细节及其组织基础:就创新动机而言,街头官僚的创新活动是压力型体制下完成任务、锦标赛体制下打造亮点、象征性赋权下获取资源,以及共同体认同下提升服务等多重动机相互交织的产物;在组织模式方面,由街头官僚们凝聚而成的政策企业家集体是基于目标一致、观念一致和优势互补等因素的有机团结;在创新活动的工具选择上,街头官僚通过数据感知和反馈网络识别问题,借助信息重组和议题连接来建构问题,采取回应式创新和差异强化等策略开展创新方案的规划,并运用场域创建和亮点展示等工具对其方案加以营销;就政策之窗而言,街头官僚所面临的政策窗口有显著的层级之分,只有当地方窗口与国家窗口均已开启且相互匹配后,创新方案方能被上级部门接纳与推广。本文回应了政策企业家研究中的"街头盲点",也有助于推进街头官僚理论的本土化建构。
In China,street-level bureaucrats are full of innovative vitality,and street-level policy innovations continue to emerge in various fields.Therefore,the objective of this research is to illustrate how do street-level bureaucrats promote policy innovation.By connecting the theoretical nodes of policy entrepreneurs and streetlevel bureaucrats,this paper constructs an analysis framework of"multiple motives-tool selection-hierarchical window"for street bureaucrats to promote policy innovation,and clearly presents the innovation details and organizational basis of street bureaucrats through a deep description of the innovation cases of basic-level health services.In terms of innovation motivation,the innovation activities of street bureaucrats are the result of the interaction of multiple motives,such as completing tasks under the pressure system,creating highlights under the championship system,obtaining resources under the symbolic empowerment,and improving services under the community recognition;In terms of organization form,the policy entrepreneur collective formed by the street-level bureaucrats is the organic unity based on the factors of the same goal,the same idea and the complementary advantages;In terms of the tool selection of innovation activities,street-level bureaucrats identify problems through data perception and feedback network,construct problems through information reorganization and topic connection,carry out the planning of policy by adopting strategies such as responsive innovation and difference enhancement,and use tools such as field creation and highlight display to market their policy plan;As for the policy window,the policy window facing street-level bureaucrats has a distinct hierarchy.Only when the local window and the national window have been opened and matched with each other can their innovative solutions be accepted and promoted by the higher authorities.This paper responds to the"street-level blind point"in the study of policy entrepreneurs,and also helps to promote the localization of the theory of street-level bureaucrats.
作者
黄扬
陈天祥
Huang Yang;Chen Tianxiang(School of Government,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,510275,China;Center for Chinese Public Administration,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,510275,China)
出处
《公共管理学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期74-86,170,共14页
Journal of Public Management
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD088)。
关键词
街头官僚
政策创新
政策企业家
公共卫生服务
政策窗口
Street-level Bureaucrats
Policy Innovation
Policy Entrepreneurs
Public Health Service
Policy Window
