摘要
【目的】为了探明氮肥施用量对不同米粉稻品种的产量、稻米品质和加工特性的影响,【方法】2018-2019连续两年以筛选出的适宜作米粉专用稻的3个品种(R0734,R2149,嘉早66)、生产上常用作米粉加工的品种(珍贵矮)以及加工米粉未能成型的品种(R0711)作为供试材料,设置90、140、190 kg/hm^2三个纯氮水平。【结果】1)各品种产量随着施氮量的增加而增大,但2019年R0734和R2149品种在中氮条件140 kg/hm^2下产量达最高;其中米粉专用稻R2149和嘉早66极具产量优势,两者分别在140和190 kg/hm^2施氮水平下达到最高。氮肥施用使有效穗数增大,而千粒重减小。2)随着施氮量的增加,米粉稻直链淀粉含量显著降低,在21.4%~26.5%波动,胶稠度增长,蛋白质含量增大;最高黏度、热浆黏度和最低黏度有减小趋势,崩解值显著减小,消减值显著增大。3)随着施氮量的增加,米粉稻断条率和蒸煮损失率显著增大,但均在10%以下;品种R2149和嘉早66较R0734来说,虽然对氮肥更敏感,但加工特性较佳。【结论】米粉专用稻应选择直链淀粉含量在21%~27%范围的品种,24%左右则最佳,这样在实际生产中直链淀粉含量受氮肥影响不至于严重偏离适宜加工的范围;又由于施氮量的增加使米粉稻加工特性变差,因此,米粉专用稻栽培过程中,需在保证丰产同时,结合生产实际施用相对较低的氮肥;在米粉专用稻选育上,应选择直链淀粉含量适中、加工特性更佳的骨干亲本作为中间材料,培育高产米粉专用稻。
【Objective】We aimed to investigate the influence of nitrogen application on yield,rice quality and processing characteristics in noodle-specific rice.【Method】The experiments were conducted with three rice varieties suitable for making rice noodles(R0734,R2149,Jiazao 66),one variety commonly used for making rice noodles(Zhenguiai)and one variety unable to be processed into rice noodles(R0711)at three nitrogen levels with 90,140,190 kg/hm^2 in 2018 and 2019.【Result】1)With the increasing nitrogen application levels,the yield of each varieties increased,but for R0734 and R2149 the grain yield maximized under the medium nitrogen level of 140 kg/hm^2 in 2019;noodle-specific rice varieties,R2149 and Jiazao 66,had extremely high yield advantages,achieving the highest yield at the nitrogen levels of 140 kg/hm^2 and 190 kg/hm^2.Nitrogen application increased the effective panicle number,while the 1000-grain weight decreased.2)As more nitrogen was gradually applied,gel consistency and protein content increased while amylose content decreased,fluctuating between 21.4%and 26.5%,which also brought about a downward trend in peak viscosity,trough viscosity and final viscosity.Breakdown reduced significantly and setback increased significantly.3)With the increase of nitrogen application,the broken rate and cooked loss rate of rice noodle increased significantly,but both were below 10%.R2149 and Jiazao 66 were more sensitive to nitrogen levels than R0734,but had better processing properties.【Conclusion】The amylose contents ranging from 21%to 27%(about 24%is the best)are favorable,so that the amylose content will not seriously exceeded the suitable range for processing at different nitrogen application levels in field cultivation.Moreover,due to the increase in the amount of nitrogen application,the processing characteristics of noodle-specific rice are deteriorated.Thus it is necessary to apply relatively low nitrogen in condition of its high yield level.In the breeding,the major parents with moderate amylose contents and better processing characteristics should be selected for high-yielding noodle-specific rice variety.
作者
文春燕
熊运华
姚晓云
陈春莲
胡标林
黄永萍
吴延寿
WEN Chunyan;XIONG Yunhua;YAO Xiaoyun;CHEN Chunlian;HU Biaolin;HUANG Yongping;WU Yanshou(Rice Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Rice(Nanchang)/Sino-Philippines Joint Laboratory for Rice Technology,Nanchang 330200,China)
出处
《中国水稻科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期574-585,共12页
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0300509)。
关键词
专用稻
米粉
氮肥施用
产量
稻米品质
加工特性
special rice
rice noodles
nitrogen application
yield
rice quality
processing characteristics
