摘要
承担着礼乐教化、立德修身功能的“诗教”,在中国文化史上传承了三千年,在清代,通过学校教育、科举考试、皇帝倡导亦广泛普及。集中国古典小说之大成的《红楼梦》堪称“诗教”范本:诗词是《红楼梦》塑造人物形象的重要手段,书中人物一人有一人之诗词,形成了一个诗语的隐喻系统;红楼人物学诗、写诗、论诗、结社吟诗、即景联句,诗词创作内容丰富,其中女性诗词创作与结社赋诗最具特点,但是因为女性社会地位的限制,这些诗作不过是闺阁生活中的一种心灵慰藉而已;曹雪芹还通过贾宝玉诗意情怀的塑造,分析了“诗教”核心精神“温柔敦厚”与人的内在生命能动的背离,宝玉的率性真情和他体现在诗词创作中的才气,恰恰是与传统“诗教”的美学宗旨相反的,与儒家精神是背离的。
The“Poetry Teaching”,which undertakes the functions of ritual and music education,estab⁃lishment of virtue and self-cultivation,has been passed down in the history of Chinese culture for three thou⁃sand years.In the Qing Dynasty,it was widely popularized through school education,imperial examinations,and emperors'advocation.A Dream of Red Mansions,a masterpiece of Chinese classical novels,can be called a model of“Poetry Teaching”:poetry is an important means of shaping characters in A Dream of Red Man⁃sions.In the book,there are poems for each character,forming a poetic metaphor system.Learning poems,writing poems,discussing poems,reciting poems in associations,and creating poetic sentences according to sceneries around.The content of poetry creation is extremely rich.Among them,female poetry creation and po⁃etry creation in associations are the most characteristic.However,due to the restriction of women's social sta⁃tus,these poems were just a kind of spiritual comfort in the boudoir life.Cao Xueqin also analyzed Jia Baoyu's poetic sentiment and the deviation of the core spirit of“poetry teaching”,which is“Mild,Gentle,Sincere,and Broad-minded”from the inner vitality of human beings.Baoyu's straightforward and true feelings and his talents embodied in the creation of poems were exactly the opposite of the aesthetic purpose of the traditional“Poetry Teaching”,and were contrary to the Confucian spirit.
作者
刘冬颖
刘娜
LIU Dong-ying;LIU Na(School of Literature,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)
出处
《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期95-102,共8页
Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
“诗教”
清代
《红楼梦》诗词
温柔敦厚
“Poetry Teaching”
Qing Dynasty
poems in A Dream of Red Mansions
“Mild,Gentle,Sincere,and Broad-minded”
