摘要
本文使用2017年和2019年中国社会状况综合调查数据,以25~59周岁人口为分析对象,从"教育—就业—公平感"的视角研究少数民族的就业公平感。应用分段线性回归分析发现:少数民族的教育年数与就业公平感呈现两头高、中间低的关系,完成义务教育是重要的转折点,此前教育年数对就业机会公平感有负向影响,此后为正向;在控制教育的影响后,少数民族的就业公平感显著高于全国平均水平,且少数民族农业劳动者的优势更加明显。基于上述发现,本文认为少数民族的就业公平感是教育普及、政府调控和市场机制共同作用的结果,并建议加大对少数民族中、高等教育和职业教育的支持力度,以此增加少数民族劳动者非农就业的机会,推进少数民族就业结构调整,进一步提升少数民族的就业公平感和获得感。
Adopting data of China’s Social Survey in 2017 and 2019,this paper takes the population aged 25-59 as the object of analysis to study the sense of employment equality of ethnic people from the perspective of "education-employment-sense of equality". This paper achieves following findings through using the piecewise-linear regression model: the completion of compulsory education is an important turning point,before which years of schooling had a negative impact on the sense of equity in employment opportunities and after which is positive;after controlling the influence of education, the employment equality of ethnic minorities is significantly higher than the national average,and the advantages of ethnic agricultural workers are more significant. Based on above findings,this paper concludes that the sense of employment equity of ethnic minorities is the result of the joint role of education popularization,government regulation and market mechanism. It also proposes to support for strengthening ethnic middle and higher education and vocational education so as to increase the non-agricultural employment opportunities for ethnic workers,promote the adjustment of ethnic people’s employment structure,and further enhance the sense of employment equity among ethnic populations.
作者
田志鹏
TIAN Zhi-peng(Institute of Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)
出处
《民族教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期70-79,共10页
Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中国社会质量基础数据库建设”(项目编号:16ZDA079)
中国社会科学院创新工程重大项目“全面建成小康社会和‘后小康社会’重大问题研究”“中国社会科学院社会发展指标综合集成实验室”项目的阶段性成果。
关键词
少数民族
教育获得
就业机会
就业公平感
ethnic minorities
education access
employment opportunity
sense of employment equity
