摘要
低浓度含氧瓦斯(体积分数<30%)存在燃爆风险,不能直接进行输送和利用,不仅造成资源浪费,也严重污染环境。从文献研究的角度,综合论述了近年来我国低浓度含氧瓦斯爆炸防控技术及装备的发展现状及趋势,主要内容包括:①实际工况低浓度含氧瓦斯爆炸精准辨识技术:研发了特殊环境20 L爆炸特性测试系统及超低温环境爆炸特性测试系统等试验装置,建立了测试技术及方法,解决了特殊环境瓦斯爆炸特性难以定量测试的难题;研究了环境温度、压力、湿度、点火能量等单一因素及多因素耦合条件下的瓦斯爆炸特性,填补了超低温、环境湿度、多因素耦合等条件下瓦斯爆炸特性研究的空白,实现了实际工况低浓度含氧瓦斯爆炸的精准辨识。②工程尺度管道内瓦斯爆炸传播关键表征技术:构建了工程尺度系列爆炸管网试验系统,实现了真实场景低浓度瓦斯爆炸灾害效应的模拟与试验;进行了不同浓度、点火能量及输送管径组合条件下的瓦斯爆炸传播试验,得出压力峰值、火焰速度与传播距离呈"正反馈机制"的传播规律,为爆炸防控装备研发和安装设计奠定了基础。③低浓度含氧瓦斯快速可靠爆炸防控系列装备:开发了清洁式气体抑爆装置、快速响应的主动喷粉抑爆装置、双重阻火泄爆装置、阻火装置等系列爆炸防控技术装备;创立了以阻火、泄爆、抑爆、阻爆为核心的多级防护安全输送技术体系。后续研究过程中,应继续深入开展复杂多因素耦合条件下瓦斯爆炸特性研究工作;在大直径管道瓦斯爆炸传播规律研究的基础上,通过技术创新提升爆炸防控装备的整体性能,简化安装程序及方法,提高适用性;研究各类爆炸防控装备的联动技术及集中控制技术,提升装备的智能化水平。
Low-concentration oxygen-containing gas(volume fration is less than 30%)has the risk of combustion and explosion and cannot be directly transported and utilized,which not only causes the waste of resources,but also seriously pollutes the environment.From the perspective of literature research,it comprehensively discusses the development status and trends of low-concentration oxygen-containing gas explosion prevention and control technology and equipment in China in recent years.The main research contents include:①Actual working conditions low-concentration oxygen-containing gas explosion precision identification technology:research and development test devices such as 20 L explosion characteristic test system in special environment and explosion characteristic test system in ultra-low temperature environment,and test technologies and methods have been established to solve the difficulty of quantitative testing of gas explosion characteristic in special environment.This paper studies the characteristics of gas explosion under single and multi-factors coupling conditions,such as ambient temperature,pressure,humidity,ignition energy,etc.,which fills the gap in the study of gas explosion characteristics under ultra-low temperature,environmental humidity,and multi-factors coupling conditions,and realize the accurate identification of low-concentration oxygen-containing gas explosion under actual working conditions.②Key characterization technology of gas explosion propagation in engineering-scale pipelines:a series of engineering-scale explosion pipe network test systems were constructed to simulate and test the disaster effects of low-concentration gas explosion in the real scene;the gas explosion propagation test was carried out under the conditions of different concentration,ignition energy and conveying pipe diameter combination,and the propagation law of pressure peak,flame velocity and propagation distance presented a"positive feedback mechanism"was obtained,which laid the foundation for the development and installation design of explosion prevention and control equipment.③Low-concentration oxygen-containing gas rapid and reliable explosion prevention and control equipment series:a series of explosion prevention and control technology equipment was developed such as clean gas explosion suppression devices,fast-responsive active powder spraying suppression devices,dual fire and explosion suppression device;a multi-stage protection and safe transportation technology system with fire resistance,explosion discharge,explosion suppression and explosion prevention as the core was established.In the follow-up research process,we should continue to carry out in-depth research on gas explosion characteristics under complex multi-factors coupling conditions;On the basis of the study of the propagation law of gas explosion in large-diameter pipelines,the overall performance of explosion prevention and control equipment should be improved through technological innovation,and the installation procedures and methods should be simplified,and the applicability should be improved;research linkage technology and centralized control technology of various explosion prevention and control equipment should be studied to improve the intelligent level of equipment.
作者
司荣军
李润之
SI Rongjun;LI Runzhi(Fire and Explosion Prevention Research Branch,Chongqing Research Institute,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group,Chongqing 400037,China)
出处
《煤炭科学技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第10期17-36,共20页
Coal Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51274238,51504285)。
关键词
低浓度瓦斯
爆炸极限
传播规律
爆炸防控
主动抑爆
阻爆
泄爆
low-concentration gas
explosion limit
propagation law
explosion prevention and control
active explosion suppression
explosion resistance
explosion venting
