摘要
本文以北疆春小麦-青贮玉米种植模式为研究对象,在前后茬作物最优施氮量配置基础上,研究后茬不同施氮频次处理对土壤酶活性和土壤微生物多样性及作物产量的影响,以确定能使青贮玉米高产、氮素高效利用的最优施氮频次。结果表明:(1)施氮频次对土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性随时间的变化趋势没有影响。不同施氮频次处理两种土壤酶活性变化趋势分别为:随后茬青贮玉米生长发育,土壤过氧化氢酶活性逐渐降低,土壤脲酶活性则先升后降。(2)前茬作物是否施氮对后茬作物土壤酶活性影响显著:在前茬不施氮条件下,土壤过氧化氢酶活性和土壤脲酶活性均随后茬施氮频次的减少而降低;而在前茬适量施氮条件下,则变化趋势基本相反,土壤过氧化氢酶活性随后茬施氮频次减少而增强,土壤脲酶活性则先升后降,最高为NW1NC1TC2(后茬施氮3次),其次为NW1NC1TC3处理(后茬施氮2次)。(3)前茬适量施氮能增加土壤微生物多样性、丰富度。(4)就产量而言,在前茬不施氮条件下,后茬青贮玉米的产量随施氮频次的减少而增大;在施氮频次相同的情况下,前茬小麦适量施氮后茬青贮玉米处理的产量更高。综合上述,本试验条件下,前后茬均适量施氮、后茬施氮2次的处理(NW1NC1TC3)土壤酶活性相对较高,对应产量最高,故后茬青贮玉米施氮2次为宜。
In order to research determine the optimal N application frequency for high yield and efficient use of nitrogen in silage maize in dripped irrigation spring wheat and silage corn double cropping system,wheat-silage corn planting pattern was took as the research object,the effects of different nitrogen application frequency treatments on soil enzyme activity,soil microbial diversity and crop yield were studied,and the results were achieved.The results showed that:(1)Nitrogen application frequency had no effect on the variation trend of soil catalase and urease activities over time.The trends of soil enzyme activities under different nitrogen application frequencies were as follows:in the subsequent growth and development of silage corn,soil catalase activity gradually decreased,while soil urease activity first increased and then decreased.(2)Nitrogen application in the previous crop had a significant effect on soil enzyme activity in the following crop.Under the condition of no nitrogen application in the previous crop,soil catalase activity and soil urease activity were reduced with the subsequent decrease of nitrogen application frequency.However,under the condition of appropriate nitrogen application at the previous stubble,the change trend was basically opposite.The soil catalase activity was increased and the frequency of nitrogen application at the following stubble was decreased,and the soil urease activity was increased at first and then decreased,with the highest value being NW1NC1TC2,i.e.nitrogen application with 3 times at the later stubble,followed by NW1NC1TC3,i.e.nitrogen application with 2 times at the later stubble.(3)The soil microbial diversity and richness could be increased by applying appropriate amount of nitrogen in the previous stubble.(4)Under the condition of no nitrogen application in the first stubble,the yield of silage maize in the second stubble increased with the decrease of nitrogen application frequency.Under the condition of the same nitrogen application frequency,the yield of the silage maize was higher after the application of appropriate nitrogen to wheat.In conclusion,The soil enzyme activity of NW1NC1TC3 was relatively high and the yield,and the corresponding yield was the highest.Therefore,it was appropriate to apply nitrogen twice in the later cropping silage maize.
作者
杨燕
朱金成
于泳鑫
王江丽
YANG Yan;ZHU Jin-cheng;YU Yong-xin;WANG Jiang-li(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang)
出处
《绿洲农业科学与工程》
2020年第3期21-28,共8页
Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(31460334)。
关键词
施氮频次
土壤酶
土壤微生物
青贮玉米
产量
Frequency of nitrogen application
Soil enzyme
Soil microorganism
Silage corn
Yield
