摘要
为阐明不同耐旱型根系的生理特征及其对叶片光合参数的影响,从而为大豆根系改良和抗旱育种提供理论依据,采用嫁接技术,以干旱敏感型品种辽豆21作为共同接穗,分别与22份辽宁省育成大豆品种砧木嫁接,评价22份根系对植株抗旱性的贡献能力。采用盆栽试验,在结荚期设置正常供水(80%田间持水量)和干旱胁迫(50%田间持水量)处理,控水后15 d测定根系生理性状,成熟期根据产量性状计算各嫁接植株的耐旱隶属函数值。结果表明:不同嫁接植株的耐旱隶属函数值为0.23~0.84,根据聚类分析将22个品种砧木分别划分为6个干旱敏感型、10个中间型和6个耐旱型。正常供水条件下,不同类耐旱型砧木的根系伤流液重量和根系活力无显著差异,但干旱胁迫下表现为:耐旱型>中间型>干旱敏感型。干旱胁迫下,嫁接干旱敏感型砧木的大豆植株的叶片相对含水量、光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率下降幅度最大,而嫁接耐旱型砧木的大豆植株则仍能维持较高的叶片相对含水量、光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率。由此说明,干旱下耐旱型根系具有较强的生理活性,从而能够提高大豆植株的抗旱性。
In order to determine the physiological characteristics of different drought-tolerant types of roots and their effects on photosynthetic traits of leaves, so as to provide theoretical basis for soybean root improvement and drought-resistant breeding, this study used drought-sensitive cultivar Liaodou 21 as scion to graft with 22 cultivars rootstocks to evaluate the contribution of roots to drought resistance of 22 soybean cultivars released in Liaoning province. Well-watered(80% field water holding capacity) and drought stress(50% field water holding capacity) were conducted during podding stage in pot-culture experiments. Root physiological traits were determined at 15 d after drought stress, and the drought resistance membership function values of each grafted plant were calculated according to the yield traits at maturity. The results showed that the drought resistance membership function values of different grafts varied from 0.23 to 0.84, and 22 genotypes of rootstocks were divided into 6 drought-sensitive types, 10 intermediate types and 6 drought-resistant types by cluster analysis. There was no significant difference in root bleeding sap mass and root activity among rootstocks under well-watered conditions, but under drought stress, the results showed that, drought-resistant type>intermediate type>drought-sensitive type. Under drought stress, the plants grafted onto drought-sensitive rootstocks showed larger decreases in the relative water content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, while these grafted onto drought-resistant rootstocks remained relatively high relative water content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Therefore, the drought-tolerant root system has strong physiological activity under drought, which could improve the drought resistance of soybean plants.
作者
李盛有
孙旭刚
王昌陵
曹永强
LI Sheng-you;SUN Xu-gang;WANG Chang-Hng;CAO Yong-qiang(Institute of Crop Research,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 100161,China)
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期751-757,共7页
Soybean Science
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101304-2,2016YFD0100201-01)
辽宁省博士科学启动基金(2019-BS-134)
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2017M621157)
辽宁省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019JH6/10400001)。
关键词
大豆
嫁接
根系
抗旱性
光合能力
Soybean
Grafting
Root
Drought resistance
Photosynthetic capacity
