摘要
【目的】钾是重要的品质元素,明确钾肥施用对不同作物品质的影响,为合理施用钾肥提高作物的产量和品质提供依据。【方法】本研究以“钾”和“品质”为主要关键词,在"中国知网"检索1989年以来公开发表的文献,共筛选出符合Meta分析标准的文献92篇,获得数据147组。将文献中的作物按照粮食作物、蔬菜、水果、油料作物和纤维作物进行分组,以不施钾肥为对照,应用Meta-analysis方法整合分析了钾肥施用及钾肥用量和类型对作物共性品质指标的影响;进一步根据作物类型,分类分析了钾肥施用对不同类型作物特性品质的综合效应。【结果】与不施钾相比,钾肥施用能够改善作物的维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、蛋白质和淀粉含量5种共性品质,增长率分别为18.6%、19.3%、8.7%、7.3%和5.2%。与适宜钾肥用量相比,钾肥不合理施用会造成品质增长率的降低;硫酸钾对作物品质的改善效果整体上优于氯化钾。施用钾肥不仅改善了作物的共性品质,对于作物的特性品质也有一定的改善效果。对于粮食作物,钾肥施用能够降低水稻的垩白度(16.7%)和垩白粒率(12.5%),提高小麦的湿面筋含量(4.2%)和沉降值(5.4%)、玉米的氨基酸含量(25.3%)和脂肪含量(5.0%)以及薯类单薯重(26.6%);对于蔬菜类作物,钾肥施用降低其硝酸盐的含量(23.7%);对于水果类作物,施用钾肥能够提高水果的糖酸比(20.5%)、单果重(11.1%)和硬度(3.3%),降低可滴定酸的含量(5.5%);对于油料作物,钾肥施用能够提高其含油率(3.7%);对于纤维作物,施用钾肥则提高了其纺纱均匀度指数(6.2%)、纤维长度(2.2%)、伸长率(5.3%)、断裂比强度(3.3%)和马克隆值(2.6%)。【结论】施用钾肥能够显著改善作物品质,不同钾肥用量和类型对作物品质的改善效果不同。钾肥的合理施用不仅需要根据土壤钾素丰缺状况和作物对钾的需求确定适宜的钾肥用量,还要根据作物自身的品质特征完善钾肥适宜用量和施用方法,同时兼顾钾肥与其它肥料配合施用,保证各种养分的协调供应,从而实现作物的高产高效和优质。
【Objectives】Potassium(K)nutrition is closely related with crop quality.Clarify of the effect of K fertilizer application on the quality of different crops would provide the basis for the scientific management of K fertilizer to achieve high crop yield and quality.【Methods】The literatures published since 1989 were searched by keywords of“potassium”and“quality”in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).There were total of 92 literatures meeting the requirement of Meta-analysis,and 147 groups of data were obtained.The crops in the literature were grouped to cereal crops,vegetables,fruits,oil crops and fiber crops.Taking no K fertilizer treatments as controls,the Meta-analysis method was used to analyze the effects of K fertilizer application on the common quality index of crops under different dosage and types;and then the comprehensive effects of K fertilizer application on the characteristic quality of different crops were further analyzed.【Results】Compared with no K application controls,the application of K fertilizer could ameliorate five common qualities like vitamin C,soluble sugar,soluble solids,protein and starch,with the increase rates of 18.6%,19.3%,8.7%,7.3% and 5.2%,respectively.Compared with the appropriate K fertilizer application rate,the unreasonable K fertilizer application would result in the decrease of quality growth rate;and the improvement effect of K-sulfate on crop quality was better than that of K-chloride on average.For cereal crops,the K fertilizer could reduce the chalkiness(16.7%)and chalkiness rate(12.5%)of rice,increase the wet gluten content(4.2%)and sedimentation value(5.4%)of wheat,increase the amino acid(25.3%)and fat content(5.0%)of corn and the single tuber weight(26.6%)of tubers.K fertilizer could decrease the nitrate content of vegetable crops(23.7%),ameliorate the sugar-acid ratio(20.5%),single fruit weight(11.1%)and hardness(3.3%),and reduce the content of titratable acids(5.5%)of fruits;enhance the oil content(3.7%)of oil crops;increase spinning consistency index(6.2%),fiber length(2.2%),fiber elongation(5.3%),fiber breaking strength(3.3%)and micronaire value(2.6%)of fiber crops.【Conclusions】Application of K fertilizers can significantly enhance common and economic qualities of crops,although there are slight differences among aplication dosages and types of potassium fertilizers.The reasonable application of K fertilizer depends on the abundance and deficiency of soil available K content and the K requirement of crops.Further attention still needs to be paid on the requirement of characteristic qualities of crops,and balanced fertilization with other fertilizers should also be considered to achieve high crop yield,high efficiency and high quality.
作者
谷贺贺
李静
张洋洋
李小坤
丛日环
任涛
鲁剑巍
GU He-he;LI Jing;ZHANG Yang-yang;LI Xiao-kun;CONG Ri-huan;REN Tao;LU Jian-wei(Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第10期1749-1757,共9页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31872173)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200108)
中央高校基本科研业务专项基金(2662018YJ026)。
关键词
钾肥
作物
品质
变化率
META分析
potassium fertilizer
crop
quality
change rate
meta-analysis
