摘要
针对玉米追肥机械化程度低、追肥作业效率和肥料利用率不高等问题,根据玉米分层施肥农艺要求,设计了一种多行集中排肥、气流输肥以及分层深施肥方式的玉米追肥机。对追肥机关键部件进行了理论分析与参数确定,并对各行之间排肥量一致性、施肥精度以及施肥深度进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:排肥转速对各行之间排肥量一致性影响较小,在相同转速下,深、浅层之间排肥量一致性差异较小,排肥量比较均匀;随着转速的增加,各行之间排肥量变异系数有所减小,最大变异系数为2.64%。在试验速度范围内,随着工作速度的增加,追肥机械施肥精度呈减小趋势,施肥精度最小值为95.42%;深层施肥深度变化量不大,施肥深度均值最小为11.04 cm,变异系数不超过5.35%;浅层施肥深度稳定性有所降低,施肥深度均值最小为6.9 cm,变异系数不超过9.36%;追肥机性能达到设计目标,能够较好地满足玉米追肥机械作业标准要求。
Corn is the most important food in China,which has the vital significance in ensuring food security and economic development.The work of topdressing is the important part in the process of corn production.The fertilizer management can effectively improve crop yield at the middle and later stage of maize growth,which can also increase the comprehensive benefit of corn production.However,the current topdressing work of corn is most performed by artificial fertilization.The uniformity of artificial fertilization is worse and the topdressing efficiency is lower,which can be improved by the mechanized fertilizer.So,the mechanized fertilizer would be in urgent need of development.According to the agronomic characteristics of corn layered fertilization,the centralized and pneumatic conveying fertilizer applicator was designed.The fertilizer machine was mainly composed of multi-line concentration distributing device,pneumatic conveying device,control system of fertilization and layered fertilizing device,which can realize long-range and wide-range rapid fertilization.Theoretical analysis and structural parameters of the key components were conducted.The software of control system and the interface of human-machine interaction were developed.The whole fertilizer applicator was assembled completely at last.In order to check the working performance of topdressing machinery,experimental tests concerning the consistency of fertilizer discharge,fertilization accuracy,and depth of fertilization between rows were conducted.Based on the prototype of fertilizer applicator,the tests were carried out according to relevant standards at Malan Farm in Shijiazhuang City of China in July 2019.During the experiment,a 51.5 kW tractor was selected as the only power.Granular urea was used as test fertilizer.The experimental results showed that the rotating speed of fertilization wheel had less influence on the consistency of fertilizer quantity among each row.The difference of fertilizer quantity consistency between the deep and shallow fertilization was small at the same speed of fertilization wheel.And the fertilizer quantity was stable and uniform.The variation coefficient of fertilizer quantity consistency was reduced with the increase of rotational speed.And the maximum variation coefficient was 2.64%.With the increase of forward speed,the precision of fertilizer quantity was reduced to 95.42%.And the minimum average depth of deep fertilization of 11.04 cm remained stable with the variation coefficient being less than 5.35%,while the stability of depth for shallow fertilization was reduced with the minimum of 6.9 cm and the coefficient of variation reached 9.36%.The results indicated that the fertilizer applicator designed can meet the standard requirement of maize topdressing machinery better.
作者
何亚凯
杨学军
翟长远
赵学观
窦汉杰
王秀
HE Yakai;YANG Xuejun;ZHAI Changyuan;ZHAO Xueguan;DOU Hanjie;WANG Xiu(Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,Beijing 100083,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期54-63,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200604)。
关键词
玉米
追肥机械
集中排肥
风送输肥
分层施肥
corn
fertilizer applicator
centralized fertilization
pneumatic conveying fertilizer
layered fertilization
