摘要
针对云南省丘陵山区地形特点和坡耕地条件下的作业环境,设计了一种双曲柄五杆式花椰菜钵苗移栽机栽植机构。通过对移栽机五杆机构的分析,确定了五杆机构各杆件长度,并基于线性独立矢量法得到满足五杆机构惯性力平衡条件的各杆件质量矩;结合Matlab软件图像处理功能设计了与钵苗轮廓相匹配的打孔器;应用RecurDyn与ANSYS仿真软件,对栽植机构栽植轨迹和打孔器结构强度进行了分析;采用高速摄像验证了栽植机构的栽植轨迹。根据仿真结果,进行了栽植机构栽植性能台架试验,以台架前进速度、栽植频率和入土深度为试验因素,建立了栽植合格率、露苗率和株距变异系数的数学模型,采用响应曲面法优化得到了最佳工作组合,即台架前进速度0.4~0.54 m/s,栽植频率50~68株/min,入土深度10 cm时,栽植合格率大于90%,露苗率小于5%,株距变异系数小于5%。设置花椰菜钵苗移栽机机组的前进速度为0.52 m/s,花椰菜钵苗的栽植频率为61株/min,打孔器入土深度控制在10 cm,进行田间试验,结果表明,花椰菜钵苗的栽植合格率为91.67%,露苗率为3.33%,株距变异系数为4.17%,满足花椰菜钵苗移栽农艺要求。
According to the topographic characteristics of Yunnan hilly and mountainous areas and the working environment under sloping farmland conditions,a double-crank five-bar cauliflower pot seedling transplanter planting mechanism was designed.Through the analysis of the five-bar mechanism of the transplanter,the length of each member of the five-bar mechanism was determined,and the mass moment of each member that met the inertial force balance condition of the five-bar mechanism was obtained based on the linear independent vector method.Combining the image processing function of Matlab software to design a punch that matched the contour of the pot seedling.The RecurDyn and ANSYS simulation software was used,and the planting trajectory of the planting mechanism and the structural strength of the punch were analyzed.High-speed photography was used to verify the planting trajectory of the five-bar mechanism.According to the simulation results,the planting performance bench test of the planting mechanism was carried out.Taking the advancement speed of the bench,planting frequency and soil depth as experimental factors,a mathematical model of the planting qualification rate,the rate of exposed seedlings and the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was established.Response surface method was used to optimize,the best working combination was obtained as follows:the advancement speed of the platform was 0.4~0.54 m/s,the planting frequency was 50~68 plants/min,and when the soil depth was 10 cm,the planting qualification rate was greater than 90%and the seedling exposed rate was less than 5%,the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was less than 5%.Set the forward speed of the cauliflower pot seedling transplanter unit to 0.52 m/s,the planting frequency of cauliflower pot seedlings was 61 plants/min,and the penetration depth of the puncher was controlled at 10 cm.The filed test was carried out.The results showed that the cauliflower pot seedlings were planted.The qualified rate was 91.67%,the seedling exposed rate was 3.33%,and the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was 4.17%,which met the agronomic requirements for cauliflower pot seedling transplanting.
作者
于英杰
秦伟
赖庆辉
张海军
YU Yingjie;QIN Wei;LAI Qinghui;ZHANG Haijun(Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第S01期102-112,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
云南省重大科技专项(2018ZC001)
云南省教育厅项目(2016ZZX048)
云南省高校工程研究中心建设计划项目。
关键词
花椰菜钵苗移栽
五杆机构
惯性力平衡
线性独立矢量法
响应曲面法
cauliflower pot seedling transplanting
five-bar mechanism
inertial balance
linear independent vector method
response surface method
