摘要
【目的】植物种群结构与动态能够反映种群的生存状态以及植物与环境的适应性,对保护和利用植物资源具有重要的意义。【方法】以贵州省西北地区马尾松人工林为研究对象,采用典型样地调查法对其群落进行调查,应用“空间代替时间”的方法和匀滑技术,以胸径大小级为基础,编制静态生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率曲线、消失率曲线和生存函数曲线,分析马尾松人工林结构及数量特征,同时运用种群动态量化方法和时间序列预测模型研究种群数量动态变化特征及发展趋势。【结果】马尾松种群的径级结构呈不规则的倒“J”型,主要集中在Ⅱ~Ⅳ龄级(个体数量占55.42%),高度结构呈不规则的单峰曲线,冠幅结构呈非典型的倒“J”型;种群数量动态指数VPi和V′Pi均大于0,种群结构呈增长型,但是种群的演替过程存在波动性;存活曲线趋向于Deevey-Ⅱ型,死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致,分别在第Ⅰ、Ⅹ龄级出现高峰;生存函数分析表明,生存率和累计死亡率二者互补,呈单调下降和上升趋势,马尾松种群具有前期锐减、中期稳定、后期衰退的动态变化特征;时间序列分析表明,种群未来老龄个体逐渐增多,幼苗更新不足,若不及时抚育幼苗,种群将难以保持稳定。【结论】在今后的森林经营中,针对马尾松种群不同阶段的生长发育特点应采取不同的抚育措施,人为促进马尾松幼苗、幼树生长,保证种群的正常更新,为马尾松人工林的可持续发展提供有利条件。
【Objective】Plant population structure and dynamics can reflect the survival status of the population and the adaptability of plants and the environment,which is of great significance for the protection and utilization of plant resources.Pinus massoniana is the main tree species for afforestation,soil and water conservation and ecological construction in the Yangtze River Basin of China,and the pioneer species of vegetation succession in the hilly areas of southern China.【Method】The study focused on the P.massoniana plantation.We conducted this investigation in northwest Guizhou province by the plot investigation method.Using the“space-fortime”substitution approach and the stage-smoothing technique,we analyzed population structure and dynamics of P.massoniana by usingbasic statistics including the static life table,survival rate curve,mortality rate curve,disappearance rate curve and survival function curve.In addition,we predicted the dynamics and future development trend of the population by constructing a time series model.【Result】The diameter structure was an irregular inverse-J type,and mainly aggregated on age classⅡ-Ⅳ(55.42%),and the height structure was an irregular unimodal curve,and the crown structure was atypical inverse-J type.The age structure dynamic index VPi and V′pi were greater than zero,which showed that the P.massoniana population was the growing type,but the population structure also has volatility.The population approximately belonged to the Deevey-Ⅱtype.Both the mortality and disappearance rate curves exhibited the same trend,with peaks in the first and tenth age classes.The survival rate of the population monotonically decreased,while the cumulative mortality rate increased,and the two complemented each other.The four survival functions indicated that the population dynamics of P.massoniana had the characteristics of early decline,medium-term stability,and late-stage recession.Time sequence model suggested that the old-aged individuals would increase in the future,and the seedlings will not renew enough.If the seedlings were not reared in time,the population would be difficult to maintain stability.【Conclusion】In the future of forest management,different nurturing measures should be adopted according to the growth and development characteristics of P.massoniana population at different stages,so as to artificially promote the growth of P.massoniana seedlings and saplings,ensure the normal renewal of the population,and provide favorable conditions for the sustainable development of P.massoniana plantation.
作者
何斌
李青
陈群利
薛晓辉
李望军
HE Bin;LI Qing;CHEN Qunli;XUE Xiaohui;LI Wangjun(The Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Remediation of Guizhou Province,Bijie 551700,Guizhou,China;College of Ecological Engineering,Guizhou University of Engineering Science,Bijie 551700,Guizhou,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期129-137,155,共10页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
贵州省科技合作计划项目(黔科合LH字[2015]7591)
贵州省普通高等学校科技拔尖人才支持计划(黔教合KY字[2016]099)
国家自然科学基金项目(41871031,31860111)。
关键词
马尾松
种群结构
静态生命表
种群数量动态
Pinus massoniana
population structure
static life table
population dynamics
