摘要
针对目前山地林果茶园挖穴作业人工劳动强度大和作业效率低的问题,设计了一种具有行驶动力的山地林果茶园电动自走式挖穴机。该挖穴机能自动完成钻头进给行程与复位行程。田间试验结果表明,该挖穴机单次作业平均挖穴时间为50.7 s,单次有效挖穴作业能耗为6.38 W·h,施肥穴平均深度为392.5 mm,施肥穴平均直径为303 mm,行走速度为1.237 m/s,能够顺利通过15°斜坡。挖穴作业过程中钻头的进给与回程运动均无需人工操作,可提高工作效率,降低劳动强度,并保证挖穴操作中的安全性。
Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity and low work efficiency in digging holes in mountain forests and fruit tea gardens,this research designed an electric self-propelled hole digging machine with driving power in mountain forests and fruit tea gardens.The machine has the characteristics of driving power,automatic completion of the feed stroke and reset stroke of the drill bit,simple and compact overall structure,and the ability to stably carry out digging operations on a 15°slope.In terms of overall structure,the digging machine is composed of a digging mechanism,an automatic lifting mechanism,a walking mechanism,a supporting mechanism,a control system and a frame.Among them,the digging mechanism is composed of a 48 V DC motor,a conversion head and a drill bit;the automatic lifting mechanism is composed of a power transmission system,a guide mechanism and a stroke limiting device;the walking mechanism is composed of a 24 V hub motor and a universal wheel;the supporting mechanism is composed of movable The supporting frame,connecting rod and adjusting device are composed;the frame is formed by welding 30 mm×30 mm square steel.In terms of digging performance test,the 5-point sampling method was used to select 5 test points in 2 citrus orchard test sites and 1 tea plantation test site for testing.Among them,the depth of the citrus test ground was 20 cm,and the average soil moisture content was measured.They are 24.30%and 18.49%.The average soil compactness is 437 and 837 kPa,respectively;the soil depth of the tea garden test site is 20 cm,the average soil moisture content is 22.01%,and the average soil compaction is 372 kPa.In terms of climbing performance test,the slopes with gradients of 5.4°,8.4°and 15.2°were selected for the climbing test,starting from the junction of the straight road and the slope,measuring the slope of 9 m with a tape measure,and selecting the next 5 m as the test road section.Stop the digging machine on a straight road close to the ramp.After the walking motor starts to rotate,open the switch to climb the slope.Use a stopwatch to measure the time the digging machine passes the test section.In terms of the maximum walking speed test,the wheels reached a stable maximum speed when walking about 6 m on the orchard road through the preliminary test.In order to reduce the road slope error,the test is carried out by taking the average value of the round-trip measurement.The first 10 m and the last 10 m are the acceleration section or the deceleration section,and the 10-30 m is the test section.Taking into account the effect of accidental errors,6 repeated tests were performed,and the time to pass the test section was measured with a stopwatch.The test results show that the average digging time for a single operation of the digging machine is 50.7 s,which is 1.77 times faster than the manual hoe digging;the energy consumption of a single effective digging operation is 6.38 W·h,the average fertilization depth is 392.5 mm,and the average fertilization is The hole diameter is 303 mm,which meets the agronomic requirements for fertilization;the walking speed is 1.237 m/s,and it can smoothly pass a 15°slope,which meets the actual operation requirements of hole digging in mountain fruit tea gardens.The innovation of this research lies in that the feed and return movement of the drill bit during the digging operation does not require manual operation,which can improve work efficiency,reduce labor intensity,and ensure the safety of the digging operation.
作者
吴伟斌
冉晓
陈姗
岳丹丹
梁荣轩
陈理
洪添胜
WU Weibin;RAN Xiao;CHEN Shan;YUE Dandan;LIANG Rongxuan;CHEN Li;HONG Tiansheng(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment,Ministry of Education/Division of Citrus Machinery,China Agriculture ResearchSystem/Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Creative Hilly Orchard Machinery,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《华中农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期128-135,共8页
Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University
基金
广东省科技计划重点研发项目(2019B020223001,2019B020214001)
茶叶产业创新团队设施与机械化岗位专家(2019LM1119)
广东省科技计划项目(2017A090905020)。
关键词
山地林果茶园
电动挖穴机
电动自走式
自动升降
能耗试验
挖穴机构设计
mountain tea orchard
electric digger
electric self-propelled
automatic lifting
energy consumption test
digging mechanism design
