摘要
清代治河顺应赋役货币化发展趋势,白银成为治河成败的决定性因素。作为清朝重要的财政筹措手段,捐纳也成为河务财政的重要组成部分。清代河工捐纳始于康熙末年,定型于乾隆时期。嘉道时期,随着河务开支不断上涨,清廷的常规财政已经难以支持治河事务,河工捐纳成为河务财政最主要的来源之一,逐渐由临时性措施转为常态化。这一转变改变了河工用款的支付方式,在国家财政紧张的情况下维持了河务运作,成功应对了道光时期黄河水文环境突变造成的大规模水灾。但河工捐纳也造成了河务官员专业素质整体下降、河务部门由治理黄河转为防堵黄河的事实,对清代黄河治理产生了长期的不利影响。
In the Qing Dynasty,the management of rivers followed the trend of monetization of taxes and corvee.Silver became the decisive factor for the success of river management.As an important means of financial financing in the Qing Dynasty,donation became an important part of river finance.In the Qing Dynasty,the donation of river workers began in the late Kangxi period,and was finalized in Qianlong.It reached its peak in Jiadao.During the Jiadao period,river workers'donation became one of the most important sources of river finance.With the rising of river expenditure in this period,the regular finance of the Qing government was difficult to support river affairs.At the same time,the donation of river works changed from the temporary measures to the normalization.This change changed the way of payment for river works,maintained the operation of river affairs under the condition of tight national finance,and successfully responded to the large-scale flood caused by the sudden change of the hydrological environment of the Yellow River in Daoguang period.However,the donation also led to the overall decline of the professional quality of river officials.The change of river departments from controlling the Yellow River to preventing and blocking the Yellow River had a long-term adverse impact on the Yellow River Management in the Qing Dynasty.
作者
潘威
李瑞琦
Pan Wei;Li Ruiqi
出处
《中国经济史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期93-101,共9页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
基金
教育部重点研究基地重大项目“过去千年中国区域极端气候事件与中华文明时空进程”(批准号:16JJD770009)
国家社会科学基金一般项目“清代黄河河务财政制度及运作研究”(批准号:20BZS062)的阶段性成果之一。
关键词
嘉道时期
黄河
河工捐纳
国家财政
Jiaqing and Daoguang Periods
Yellow River
Donation of River
Workers
National Finance
