摘要
随着集约化、规模化养殖业的飞速发展,我国每年产生的畜禽粪便量高达3.8×10^9 t。饲料、粪便、土壤和有机肥中重金属超标现象严重,并通过食物链不断累积重金属,对人体和生态环境造成负面影响。堆肥处理是实现畜禽粪便资源循环利用的重要途径,能够钝化畜禽废弃物中的重金属,降低其生物有效性,可以有效解决我国畜禽粪污综合利用率低和污染环境的问题。基于国内外学者的调查和研究结果,分析了国内畜禽粪便中重金属在"饲料—粪便—堆肥"迁移的全链条污染状况,探讨了堆肥防控措施,重点总结了物理化学钝化、生物钝化等防控措施,旨为畜禽粪便重金属污染的防控提供技术支撑,也可为有机肥替代化肥、畜禽废弃物资源化利用和降低农田应用的环境风险提供参考。建议今后开展物理、化学和生物复合钝化剂的使用效果与机理研究,制定针对不同畜种、地区和背景值的饲料以及有机废弃物重金属安全限量标准,建立"饲料—粪便—堆肥"全链条的重金属安全评估体系。
With the rapid development of intensive and large-scale breeding industry,the amount of livestock and poultry manure is 3.8×10^9 t per year in China.The contents of heavy metals in feed,manure,soil and organic manure seriously exceed the standard and accumulate through the food chain,causing serious impact on human health and ecological environment.Composting is an important way to reuse livestock and poultry manure.It can passivate heavy metals in livestock and poultry waste and change the present form of heavy metals into the form of low bioavailability,and it can effectively solve the problems of low utilization rate of animals manure and environmental pollution in China.Based on the investigation and research results of do mestic and foreign scholars,the pollution status of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure in the transport chain of feed-manure-compost was analyzed,and the prevention and control measures of composting were discussed.In order to provide technical support for the prevention and control of heavy metals pollution,the prevention and control measures,such as physical chemistry passivation and biological passivation were summarized.It can also provide scientific references for organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer,reusing livestock and poultry manure and reducing the environmental risk on farmland.It is suggested that we should study the effect and mechanism of physical,chemical and biological compound passivation in the future.According to different breeds,regions and background values,the safety limit standards of heavy metals in feed and organic waste,and the heavy metals safety assessment system should be established in the chain of feed-manure-compost.
作者
徐万强
孙世友
茹淑华
刘蕾
贾妍
王凌
张国印
赵欧亚
XU Wan-qiang;SUN Shi-you;RU Shu-hua;LIU Lei;JIA Yan;WANG Ling;ZHANG Guo-yin;ZHAO Ou-ya(Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;Institute of Agro-resource and Environment of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics,Hebei Academy of Agriculturel and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2020年第5期75-81,共7页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801404)
河北省重点研发计划项目(19227304D)
河北省农林科学基本科研业务费项目(2018130103)
河北省农林科学院创新工程项目(2019-1-4-3)。
关键词
畜禽粪便
重金属
堆肥
防控
Livestock and poultry manure
Heavy metals
Compost
Prevention and control
